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arXiv 1303.4763astro-ph.SR
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用VLTI/AMBER在CO第一泛音谱线中K巨星毕宿五的空间分辨、高光谱分辨观测

Spatially resolved, high-spectral resolution observation of the K giant Aldebaran in the CO first overtone lines with VLTI/AMBER

Keiichi Ohnaka

摘要:

目的:我们提出了一个高空间和高光谱分辨率观测的K巨星毕宿五与琥珀在甚大望远镜干涉仪(VLTI)。我们的目标是在空间上解析单个CO第一泛音线中的外层大气(所谓的MOLsphere),并导出其物理性质,这对于理解正常(即,非Mira)K-M巨星方法:观察到毕宿五在2.28和2.31微米之间,投影基线长度为10.4米,光谱分辨率为12000。结果:在CO第一泛音谱线中观察到的均匀圆盘直径比在连续谱中测量的直径大20- 35%。我们还发现了一个签名的不均匀性在CO线形成区域的空间尺度为~45 mas,这是两倍以上的恒星本身的角直径。虽然MARCS光球模型再现了观测到的光谱,在CO线的MARCS模型预测的角度大小是显着小于观测。这是因为具有毕宿五参数的MARCS模型的几何扩展仅为~2%(相对于恒星半径)。通过在MARCS光球层上增加一个CO层,可以同时再现CO谱线的光谱和干涉数据。这一CO层延伸到2.5 +/- 0.3恒星半径,CO柱密度为5 × 10 ^{19}--2 × 10 ^{120} cm^-2,温度为1500 +/- 200 K。结论:AMBER的高光谱分辨率使我们能够在空间上解决不均匀的,扩展的外层大气(MOLsphere)在单个CO线的第一次在K巨星。我们对毕宿五MOL球的模拟表明,光球层上的温度分布在2- 3个恒星半径范围内有一个相当小的梯度。

英文摘要:

Aim: We present a high-spatial and high-spectral resolution observation of the well-studied K giant Aldebaran with AMBER at the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI). Our aim is to spatially resolve the outer atmosphere (so-called MOLsphere) in individual CO first overtone lines and derive its physical properties, which are important for understanding the mass-loss mechanism in normal (i.e., non-Mira) K--M giants. Methods: Aldebaran was observed between 2.28 and 2.31 micron with a projected baseline length of 10.4m and a spectral resolution of 12000. Results: The uniform-disk diameter observed in the CO first overtone lines is 20--35% larger than is measured in the continuum. We have also detected a signature of inhomogeneities in the CO-line-forming region on a spatial scale of ~45 mas, which is more than twice as large as the angular diameter of the star itself. While the MARCS photospheric model reproduces the observed spectrum well, the angular size in the CO lines predicted by the MARCS model is significantly smaller than observed. This is because the MARCS model with the parameters of Aldebaran has a geometrical extension of only ~2% (with respect to the stellar radius). The observed spectrum and interferometric data in the CO lines can be simultaneously reproduced by placing an additional CO layer above the MARCS photosphere. This CO layer is extended to 2.5 +/- 0.3 stellar radii with CO column densities of 5x10^{19}--2x10^{20} cm^-2 and a temperature of 1500 +/- 200 K. Conclusions: The high spectral resolution of AMBER has enabled us to spatially resolve the inhomogeneous, extended outer atmosphere (MOLsphere) in the individual CO lines for the first time in a K giant. Our modeling of the MOLsphere of Aldebaran suggests a rather small gradient in the temperature distribution above the photosphere up to 2--3 stellar radii.

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