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arXiv 1104.0958astro-ph.SR
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用VLTI/AMBER在CO第一泛音谱线上成像红超巨星参宿四的动力学大气

Imaging the dynamical atmosphere of the red supergiant Betelgeuse in the CO first overtone lines with VLTI/AMBER

K. Ohnaka, G. Weigelt, F. Millour, K. -H. Hofmann, T. Driebe, D. Schertl, A. Chelli. F. Massi, R. Petrov, Ph. Stee

摘要:

我们提出了第一个1-D孔径合成成像的红超巨星参宿四在个别CO的第一泛音线VLTI/琥珀。重建的1-D投影图像显示,该恒星出现不同的蓝翼,线中心,和红翼的个别CO线。蓝翼和线中心的一维投影图像显示出明显的、不对称的延伸分量,高达~1.3个恒星半径,而红翼中的一维投影图像则没有显示出这样的分量。观测到的谱线中的一维投影图像可以用一个模型来合理解释,在这个模型中,在一个大于恒星尺寸一半的区域内,CO气体以0--5 km/s的速度向外轻微移动,而在其余区域内,气体以20--30 km/s的速度快速下落。2008年和2009年的CO线AMBER数据之间的比较表明,在光球和外大气中的CO线形成区域的动态显着的时间变化。与线数据相反,连续体中的重建的1-D投影图像仅显示出与均匀盘或边缘变暗盘的轻微偏差。我们推导出均匀盘的直径为42.05 +/- 0.05质量,幂律型边缘变暗盘的直径为42.49 +/- 0.06质量,边缘变暗参数为(9.7 +/- 0.5)× 10^{-2}。后一种角直径导致连续体形成层的有效温度为3690 +/-54 K。这些直径证实了参宿四的近红外尺寸在过去的18年里几乎是恒定的,与最近报道的中红外尺寸明显减少形成鲜明对比。在2008年和2009年采取的连续数据显示没有或只有边际的时间变化,远小于目前的三维对流模拟预测的最大变化。

英文摘要:

We present the first 1-D aperture synthesis imaging of the red supergiant Betelgeuse in the individual CO first overtone lines with VLTI/AMBER. The reconstructed 1-D projection images reveal that the star appears differently in the blue wing, line center, and red wing of the individual CO lines. The 1-D projection images in the blue wing and line center show a pronounced, asymmetrically extended component up to ~1.3 stellar radii, while those in the red wing do not show such a component. The observed 1-D projection images in the lines can be reasonably explained by a model in which the CO gas within a region more than half as large as the stellar size is moving slightly outward with 0--5 km s^-1, while the gas in the remaining region is infalling fast with 20--30 km s^-1. A comparison between the CO line AMBER data taken in 2008 and 2009 shows a significant time variation in the dynamics of the CO line-forming region in the photosphere and the outer atmosphere. In contrast to the line data, the reconstructed 1-D projection images in the continuum show only a slight deviation from a uniform disk or limb-darkened disk. We derive a uniform-disk diameter of 42.05 +/- 0.05 mas and a power-law-type limb-darkened disk diameter of 42.49 +/- 0.06 mas and a limb-darkening parameter of (9.7 +/- 0.5) x 10^{-2}. This latter angular diameter leads to an effective temperature of 3690 +/- 54 K for the continuum-forming layer. These diameters confirm that the near-IR size of Betelgeuse was nearly constant over the last 18 years, in marked contrast to the recently reported noticeable decrease in the mid-IR size. The continuum data taken in 2008 and 2009 reveal no or only marginal time variations, much smaller than the maximum variation predicted by the current 3-D convection simulations.

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