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arXiv 1303.3841astro-ph.SRastro-ph.EP
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恒星质量损失随时间变化的行星系统演化

Evolution of Planetary Systems with Time Dependent Stellar Mass Loss

Fred C. Adams, Kassandra R. Anderson, Anthony M. Bloch

摘要:

观测表明,中等质量的恒星、双星和恒星残骸经常拥有行星;对这些系统的完整解释需要了解行星轨道如何随着中心恒星的质量损失而演变。受这些动力学系统的启发,本文从两个方向概括了先前对具有恒星质量损失的行星系统轨道演化的研究:[1]许多先前的处理集中在恒定的质量损失率上,并且大部分工作都是数值进行的。在这里,我们研究一类单行星系统的恒星质量损失率是时间依赖的。质量损失率可以增加或减少,但恒星质量总是单调减少。对于这类模型,我们开发了解析近似,以指定最终的轨道元素的行星,保持约束后的时代的质量损失,并找到所需的条件,行星成为无约束。我们还表明,对于一些质量损失函数,行星成为无约束的恒星质量消失的渐近极限。[2]研究了具有恒星质量损失的双行星系统的混沌演化。在这里,我们专注于一个由木星,土星和太阳的类似物组成的模型。通过监测初始相似轨迹随时间的发散,我们计算系统的李雅普诺夫指数。这个模拟太阳系是混沌的,在没有质量损失与李雅普诺夫时间在5 - 10百万年的范围内,我们发现,李雅普诺夫时间随着恒星质量损失率的增加而减小,两个时间尺度之间的近线性关系。总之,本文的结果有助于提供一个广泛的动力学演化,发生在太阳系恒星质量损失的解释。

英文摘要:

Observations indicate that intermediate mass stars, binary stars, and stellar remnants often host planets; a complete explanation of these systems requires an understanding of how planetary orbits evolve as their central stars lose mass. Motivated by these dynamical systems, this paper generalizes in two directions previous studies of orbital evolution in planetary systems with stellar mass loss: [1] Many previous treatments focus on constant mass loss rates and much of this work is carried out numerically. Here we study a class of single planet systems where the stellar mass loss rate is time dependent. The mass loss rate can be increasing or decreasing, but the stellar mass always decreases monotonically. For this class of models, we develop analytic approximations to specify the final orbital elements for planets that remain bound after the epoch of mass loss, and find the conditions required for the planets to become unbound. We also show that for some mass loss functions, planets become unbound only in the asymptotic limit where the stellar mass vanishes. [2] We consider the chaotic evolution for two planet systems with stellar mass loss. Here we focus on a model consisting of analogs of Jupiter, Saturn, and the Sun. By monitoring the divergence of initially similar trajectories through time, we calculate the Lyapunov exponents of the system. This analog solar system is chaotic in the absence of mass loss with Lyapunov time in the range 5 - 10 Myr; we find that the Lyapunov time decreases with increasing stellar mass loss rate, with a nearly linear relationship between the two time scales. Taken together, the results of this paper help provide an explanation for a wide range of dynamical evolution that occurs in solar systems with stellar mass loss.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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