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arXiv 2012.05128astro-ph.EPastro-ph.SR
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GJ 436 b和恒星风相互作用:使用Ly $α$和H $α$凌日的模拟约束

GJ 436b and the stellar wind interaction: simulations constraints using Ly$α$ and H$α$ transits

C. Villarreal D'Angelo, A. A. Vidotto, A. Esquivel, G. Hazra, A. Youngblood

摘要:

GJ 436行星系统是一个非凡的系统。这颗海王星大小的行星在Ly $α$线上发现了一个扩展的中性氢大气层。这种物质充满了彗星般的尾巴,在行星过境后超过10个小时的时间里掩盖了恒星盘。在这里,我们进行了一系列的3D辐射流体动力学模拟模拟的恒星风与逃逸的行星大气的相互作用。利用这些模型,我们试图重现在赖氨酸$α$转运中发现的$\sim56\%$吸收,同时在H $α$转运中缺乏吸收。改变恒星风强度和极紫外恒星光度,我们寻找一组最适合观测数据的参数。基于Ly $α$观测,我们发现行星位置的恒星风速度约为[250-460] km/s $^{-1}$,温度为$[3-4]\times10^5$ K。对于$[0.8-1.6]\times10^{27}$ erg s $^{-1}$的恒星EUV光度,恒星和行星的质量损失率分别为$2\times 10^{-15}$ M $_\odot$ yr $^{-1}$和$\sim[6-10]\times10^9$ g s $^{-1}$ .对于在我们的模拟中探索的参数,我们的模型中没有一个在H $α$线中呈现出与观测一致的任何显著吸收。

英文摘要:

The GJ 436 planetary system is an extraordinary system. The Neptune-size planet that orbits the M3 dwarf revealed in the Ly$α$ line an extended neutral hydrogen atmosphere. This material fills a comet-like tail that obscures the stellar disc for more than 10 hours after the planetary transit. Here, we carry out a series of 3D radiation hydrodynamic simulations to model the interaction of the stellar wind with the escaping planetary atmosphere. With these models, we seek to reproduce the $\sim56\%$ absorption found in Ly$α$ transits, simultaneously with the lack of absorption in H$α$ transit. Varying the stellar wind strength and the EUV stellar luminosity, we search for a set of parameters that best fit the observational data. Based on Ly$α$ observations, we found a stellar wind velocity at the position of the planet to be around [250-460] km s$^{-1}$ with a temperature of $[3-4]\times10^5$ K. The stellar and planetary mass loss rates are found to be $2\times 10^{-15}$ M$_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$ and $\sim[6-10]\times10^9$ g s$^{-1}$, respectively, for a stellar EUV luminosity of $[0.8-1.6]\times10^{27}$ erg s$^{-1}$. For the parameters explored in our simulations, none of our models present any significant absorption in the H$α$ line in agreement with the observations.

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