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arXiv 1302.0983cond-mat.mes-hall
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谷分裂可调的硅量子点自旋谷寿命

Spin-valley lifetimes in a silicon quantum dot with tunable valley splitting

C. H. Yang, A. Rossi, R. Ruskov, N. S. Lai, F. A. Mohiyaddin, S. Lee, C. Tahan, G. Klimeck, A. Morello, A. S. Dzurak

摘要:

虽然硅是一种很有前途的量子计算材料,但导带最小值(谷)的简并性必须通过足够的分裂来提升,以确保形成定义明确且寿命长的自旋量子位。在这里,我们表明,谷分离可以通过静电门控制在金属氧化物半导体量子点,提供跨越0.3 - 0.8毫电子伏的分裂,准确地调谐。分裂随外加电场线性变化,其比例与原子紧束缚预测一致。我们演示了单次自旋读出和测量不同的谷配置和点占有率的自旋弛豫,发现一个电子的寿命超过2秒。由于谷态之间的自旋-轨道耦合,自旋弛豫通过声子发射发生,这是硅量子点以前没有预料到的过程。分析理论描述了弛豫速率的磁场依赖性,包括当塞曼分裂和谷分裂重合时存在显著的速率增强(或热点)。

英文摘要:

Although silicon is a promising material for quantum computation, the degeneracy of the conduction band minima (valleys) must be lifted with a splitting sufficient to ensure formation of well-defined and long-lived spin qubits. Here we demonstrate that valley separation can be accurately tuned via electrostatic gate control in a metal-oxide-semiconductor quantum dot, providing splittings spanning 0.3 - 0.8 meV. The splitting varies linearly with applied electric field, with a ratio in agreement with atomistic tight-binding predictions. We demonstrate single-shot spin readout and measure the spin relaxation for different valley configurations and dot occupancies, finding one-electron lifetimes exceeding 2 seconds. Spin relaxation occurs via phonon emission due to spin-orbit coupling between the valley states, a process not previously anticipated for silicon quantum dots. An analytical theory describes the magnetic field dependence of the relaxation rate, including the presence of a dramatic rate enhancement (or hot-spot) when Zeeman and valley splittings coincide.

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