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arXiv 1301.2109astro-ph.EP
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在F、G型主序星中寻找类地行星的特征

Searching for the signatures of terrestrial planets in F-, G-type main-sequence stars

J. I. González Hernández, E. Delgado-Mena, S. G. Sousa, G. Israelian, N. C. Santos, V. Zh. Adibekyan, S. Udry

摘要:

我们已经研究了挥发物-难熔物丰度比,以探讨它们与低质量行星形成的可能关系。本文利用高质量的HARPS和UVES光谱对61颗晚F型和早G型主序星进行了全微分化学丰度分析,其中29颗是行星宿主星,32颗是未探测到行星的恒星。作为以前的太阳类似物样本,这些恒星比太阳稍热,也提供了非常准确的金属丰度范围$-0.3<{\rm [Fe/H]}<0.4$的银河系化学丰度趋势。有行星和没有行星的恒星显示出相似的平均丰度比。此外,当除去银河系化学演化的影响,这些平均丰度比,$Δ{\rm [X/Fe]_{SUN-STARS}}$,与冷凝温度往往表现出不太陡峭的趋势,几乎为零或略负的斜率。我们还分析了26颗富含金属的恒星的子样本,其中13颗有已知的行星,13颗没有已知的行星,并发现了类似的,虽然不相等,丰度模式与负斜率的恒星样本和没有行星。使用S/N $\ge 550$的恒星,对于有行星和没有行星的恒星,都提供了同样陡峭的丰度趋势,斜率为负。我们重新审视了太阳类似物的样本,以研究这些恒星的丰度模式,特别是8颗拥有超类地行星的恒星。在这些具有非常低质量行星的恒星中,只有四颗显示出明显的丰度随冷凝温度而增加的趋势。最后,我们将这些观测到的斜率与使用一个简单模型预测的斜率进行了比较,该模型使我们能够计算每个行星系中形成类地行星的岩石质量。我们没有发现任何证据支持的结论,挥发分,难熔丰度比有关的岩石行星的存在。

英文摘要:

We have studied the volatile-to-refractory abundance ratios to investigate their possible relation with the low-mass planetary formation. We present a fully differential chemical abundance analysis using high-quality HARPS and UVES spectra of 61 late F- and early G-type main-sequence stars, 29 are planet hosts and 32 are stars without detected planets. As the previous sample of solar analogs, these stars slightly hotter than the Sun also provide very accurate Galactic chemical abundance trends in the metallicity range $-0.3<{\rm [Fe/H]}<0.4$. Stars with and without planets show similar mean abundance ratios. Moreover, when removing the Galactic chemical evolution effects, these mean abundance ratios, $Δ{\rm [X/Fe]_{SUN-STARS}}$, versus condensation temperature tend to exhibit less steep trends with nearly null or slightly negative slopes. We have also analyzed a sub-sample of 26 metal-rich stars, 13 with and 13 without known planets and find the similar, although not equal, abundance pattern with negative slopes for both samples of stars with and without planets. Using stars at S/N $\ge 550$ provides equally steep abundance trends with negative slopes for both stars with and without planets. We revisit the sample of solar analogs to study the abundance patterns of these stars, in particular, 8 stars hosting super-Earth-like planets. Among these stars having very low-mass planets, only four of them reveal clear increasing abundance trends versus condensation temperature. Finally, we have compared these observed slopes with those predicted using a simple model which enables us to compute the mass of rocks which have formed terrestrial planets in each planetary system. We do not find any evidence supporting the conclusion that the volatile-to-refractory abundance ratio is related to the presence of rocky planets.

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