arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1209.5501cond-mat.supr-concond-mat.str-el
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手征p波超流体的表面态、边缘电流和Angular Momentum

Surface States, Edge Currents and the Angular Momentum of Chiral p-wave Superfluids

J. A. Sauls

摘要:

在$\hbar/p_fξ$中计算了手征p波超流体边界附近的费米子激发谱、对关联谱和边缘电流谱。结果的能量和动量分辨的谱函数,包括谱电流密度,手征p-波超流体附近的限制边界的报告。谱函数揭示了手征边缘态对手征p波超流体的边缘电流和角动量的微妙作用,包括在完全带隙的二维手征超流体中对$0 \lesssim T\ll T_c$的$L_z(T)$的快速抑制.边缘电流和基态角动量被证明是敏感的边界条件,因此的拓扑结构和几何形状的限制边界。对于完美的镜面边界,边缘电流解释了具有$N/2$费米子对的手征超流体圆柱盘的基态角动量$L_z=(N/2)\hbar$。非镜面散射可以显著地抑制边缘电流。在理想逆反射的极限下,边缘态形成非手性的零模式的平坦带,并且不产生边缘电流。对于限制在圆柱环形几何形状中的手征超流膜,基态角动量通常是非广延的,并且可以具有从$L_z > (N/2)\hbar$到$L_z < -(N/2)\hbar$的范围的值,这取决于内半径和外半径的比率以及内表面和外表面上的后向散射的程度。$L_z$的非广延标度,以及环形几何的基态角动量的反转,将提供超流体\Hea基态时间反转对称性破缺的信号,以及手性边缘电流的直接观测。

英文摘要:

The spectra of fermionic excitations, pairing correlations and edge currents confined near the boundary of a chiral p-wave superfluid are calculated to leading order in $\hbar/p_fξ$. Results for the energy- and momentum-resolved spectral functions, including the spectral current density, of a chiral p-wave superfluid near a confining boundary are reported. The spectral functions reveal the subtle role of the chiral edge states in relation to the edge current and the angular momentum of a chiral p-wave superfluid, including the rapid suppression of $L_z(T)$ for $0 \lesssim T\ll T_c$ in the fully gapped 2D chiral superfluid. The edge current and ground-state angular momentum are shown to be sensitive to boundary conditions, and as a consequence the topology and geometry of the confining boundaries. For perfect specular boundaries the edge current accounts for the ground-state angular momentum, $L_z=(N/2)\hbar$, of a cylindrical disk of chiral superfluid with $N/2$ fermion pairs. Non-specular scattering can dramatically suppress the edge current. In the limit of perfect retro-reflection the edge states form a flat band of zero modes that are non-chiral and generate no edge current. For a chiral superfluid film confined in a cylindrical toroidal geometry the ground-state angular momentum is, in general, non-extensive, and can have a value ranging from $L_z > (N/2)\hbar$ to $L_z < -(N/2)\hbar$ depending on the ratio of the inner and outer radii and the degree of back scattering on the inner and outer surfaces. Non-extensive scaling of $L_z$, and the reversal of the ground-state angular momentum for a toroidal geometry, would provide a signature of broken time-reversal symmetry of the ground state of superfluid \Hea, as well as direct observation of chiral edge currents.

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