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arXiv 1209.2196astro-ph.CO
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“牙刷遗迹”:大质量合并星系团中相干线性2-Mpc尺度shock wave的证据?

The "toothbrush-relic": evidence for a coherent linear 2-Mpc scale shock wave in a massive merging galaxy cluster?

R. J. van Weeren, H. J. A. Rottgering, H. T. Intema, L. Rudnick, M. Bruggen, M. Hoeft, J. B. R. Oonk

摘要:

一些合并中的星系团拥有弥散的射电辐射,即所谓的射电晕和遗迹。在这里,我们提出了一个新的无线电选择的星系团1 RXS J0603.3+4214(z=0.225)之间的147 MHz和4.9 GHz的观测。在RASS中,星团也被探测为扩展的X射线源。它拥有一个巨大的明亮的1.9 Mpc射电遗迹,一个细长的~2 Mpc射电晕,和两个较小的射电遗迹。大射电遗迹具有独特的线状形态。对于这个遗迹,我们观察到一个明确的光谱指数梯度,在对集群中心的方向。我们在1.2和1.7 GHz之间进行旋转测量(RM)合成。结果表明,在大遗迹的西部,部分法拉第旋转是由ICM引起的,而不仅仅是由于银河系前景。我们还对这一射电遗迹进行了详细的光谱分析,并制作了射电彩色图。我们发现:(i)注入谱指数为-0.6 ~-0.7;(ii)激波后区域谱指数变陡,谱曲率增大;(iii)在74 MHz ~ 4.9 GHz之间,总的幂律谱α=-1.10 \pm 0.02。来自不同光谱年龄区域的射束中发射的混合可能是决定无线电光谱形状的主要因素。磁场、总电子含量或绝热增益/损耗的变化不起主要作用。一个模型中,粒子(再)加速在一阶费米过程中的前面的遗物提供了最好的匹配所观察到的光谱。我们推测,在激波后区域,当遗迹和射电晕连接时,粒子被合并引起的湍流重新加速,形成射电晕。1 RXS J0603.3+4214的合并可能比被认为会产生对称双射电遗迹的“简单”双星合并事件更复杂。

英文摘要:

Some merging galaxy clusters host diffuse extended radio emission, so-called radio halos and relics. Here we present observations between 147 MHz and 4.9 GHz of a new radio-selected galaxy cluster 1RXS J0603.3+4214 (z=0.225). The cluster is also detected as an extended X-ray source in the RASS. It hosts a large bright 1.9 Mpc radio relic, an elongated ~2 Mpc radio halo, and two smaller radio relics. The large radio relic has a peculiar linear morphology. For this relic we observe a clear spectral index gradient, in the direction towards the cluster center. We performed Rotation Measure (RM) Synthesis between 1.2 and 1.7 GHz. The results suggest that for the west part of the large relic some of the Faraday rotation is caused by ICM and is not only due to galactic foregrounds. We also carried out a detailed spectral analysis of this radio relic and created radio color-color diagrams. We find (i) an injection spectral index of -0.6 to -0.7, (ii) steepening spectral index and increasing spectral curvature in the post-shock region, and (iii) an overall power-law spectrum between 74 MHz and 4.9 GHz with α=-1.10 \pm 0.02. Mixing of emission in the beam from regions with different spectral ages is probably the dominant factor that determines the shape of the radio spectra. Changes in the magnetic field, total electron content, or adiabatic gains/losses do not play a major role. A model in which particles are (re)accelerated in a first order Fermi process at the front of the relic provides the best match to the observed spectra. We speculate that in the post-shock region particles are re-accelerated by merger induced turbulence to form the radio halo as the relic and halo are connected. The 1RXS J0603.3+4214 merger is probably more complex than the "simple'" binary merger events that are thought to give rise to symmetric double radio relics.

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