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arXiv 1208.5587astro-ph.EP
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欧洲航天局月球着陆器项目潜在着陆点的特征

Characterisation of Potential Landing Sites for the European Space Agency's Lunar Lander Project

D. De Rosa, B. Bussey, J. T. Cahill, T. Lutz, I. Crawford, T. Hackwill, S. van Gasselt, G. Neukum, L. Witte, A. McGovern, J. D. Carpenter

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摘要：

本文介绍了欧洲航天局的月球着陆器任务目前设想的着陆点的表征活动。这些地点是在南极地区（纬度-85°至-90°）确定的，其依据是有利的照明条件，这使得有可能使用传统的动力和热控制子系统进行长期飞行任务，这些子系统能够承受相对较短的黑暗时间（大约几十个小时），而不是使用放射性同位素加热装置。根据月球轨道器激光高度计（LOLA）的地形数据，使用三个独立的工具，在潜在的着陆点模拟照明条件。还通过独立研究对已确定的场址进行风险评估。长基线斜坡评估的基础上LOLA，而陨石坑和巨石检测视觉和使用计算机工具在月球勘测轨道器相机（LROC）的图像，小到小于2米的大小，并生成大小频率分布。阴影危害也通过LROC图像进行评估。初步结果表明，存在几个月的准连续光照区域，但面积较小（几百米）;光照期持续时间在区域外迅速下降至不足一个月，有些区域存在光照期短的空白。关于危险分布，根据LOLA，发现50米的斜坡较浅（几度），而在着陆器足迹的规模（~5米），它们主要由陨石坑主导，预计是成熟的（从地质背景来看）和浅的（~11°）。初步结论是，预期着陆点的环境在着陆器设计的能力范围内。

英文摘要：

This article describes the characterization activities of the landing sites currently envisaged for the Lunar Lander mission of the European Space Agency. These sites have been identified in the South Pole Region (-85° to -90° latitude) based on favourable illumination conditions, which make it possible to have a long-duration mission with conventional power and thermal control subsystems, capable of enduring relatively short periods of darkness (in the order of tens of hours), instead of utilising Radioisotope Heating Units. The illumination conditions are simulated at the potential landing sites based on topographic data from the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA), using three independent tools. Risk assessment of the identified sites is also being performed through independent studies. Long baseline slopes are assessed based on LOLA, while craters and boulders are detected both visually and using computer tools in Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) images, down to a size of less than 2 m, and size-frequency distributions are generated. Shadow hazards are also assessed via LROC images. The preliminary results show that areas with quasi-continuous illumination of several months exist, but their size is small (few hundred metres); the duration of the illumination period drops quickly to less than one month outside the areas, and some areas present gaps with short illumination periods. Concerning hazard distributions, 50 m slopes are found to be shallow (few degrees) based on LOLA, whereas at the scale of the lander footprint (~5 m) they are mostly dominated by craters, expected to be mature (from geological context) and shallow (~11°). The preliminary conclusion is that the environment at the prospective landing sites is within the capabilities of the Lander design.

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