月球动物园公民科学项目：阿波罗17号着陆点的初步结果
The Moon Zoo citizen science project: Preliminary results for the Apollo 17 landing site
摘要：
月球动物园是一个利用互联网众包技术的公民科学项目。月球动物园的用户被要求审查来自美国宇航局LRO航天器上的月球勘测轨道飞行器相机（LROC）的高空间分辨率图像，并进行表征，如测量撞击坑的大小和识别感兴趣的形态特征。这些任务旨在解决月球科学中的问题，并帮助未来的月球探索。我们已经测试了其中的各种方法和参数，以根据经过验证的专家调查来询问和减少月球动物园陨石坑的位置和大小数据集。我们选择阿波罗17号区域作为测试区域，因为它提供了广泛的陨石坑地形，包括次级富集区，老玛丽亚和高地。评估涉及在三个关键领域进行平行测试：（1）过滤数据，以去除有问题的标记;（2）对每个陨石坑采用多种标记的聚类方法;（3）根据多种标记的统计变异性和局部图像结构的平滑度，推导出备选的陨石坑退化指数。我们比较了方法和参数的不同组合，并评估了由此产生的陨石坑摘要和专家普查之间的相关性。我们得出了最佳的数据减少步骤和现有的月球动物园陨石坑数据的设置，以同意专家普查。此外，从数据中得出的风化层深度和陨石坑退化状态也与阿波罗17号区域的其他估计大致一致。我们的研究支持这个公民科学项目的有效性，但也建议在数据采集规划和生产的关键要素的改进。
英文摘要：
Moon Zoo is a citizen science project that utilises internet crowd-sourcing techniques. Moon Zoo users are asked to review high spatial resolution images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC), onboard NASAs LRO spacecraft, and perform characterisation such as measuring impact crater sizes and identify morphological features of interest. The tasks are designed to address issues in lunar science and to aid future exploration of the Moon. We have tested various methodologies and parameters therein to interrogate and reduce the Moon Zoo crater location and size dataset against a validated expert survey. We chose the Apollo 17 region as a test area since it offers a broad range of cratered terrains, including secondary-rich areas, older maria, and uplands. The assessment involved parallel testing in three key areas: (1) filtering of data to remove problematic mark-ups; (2) clustering methods of multiple notations per crater; and (3) derivation of alternative crater degradation indices, based on the statistical variability of multiple notations and the smoothness of local image structures. We compared different combinations of methods and parameters and assessed correlations between resulting crater summaries and the expert census. We derived the optimal data reduction steps and settings of the existing Moon Zoo crater data to agree with the expert census. Further, the regolith depth and crater degradation states derived from the data are also found to be in broad agreement with other estimates for the Apollo 17 region. Our study supports the validity of this citizen science project but also recommends improvements in key elements of the data acquisition planning and production.
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