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arXiv 1208.0624quant-ph
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用量子力学变分原理计算电子双缝实验

Calculation of the electron two-slit experiment using a quantum mechanical variational principle

Alan K. Harrison

摘要:

非定域相对论性变分原理(VP)最近被提出来作为标准量子力学中Dirac波动方程的替代。我们将这一原理应用于电子双缝实验。检测系统被建模为一个屏幕的原子,其中任何一个可以激发入射电子,但我们避免进一步限制检测机制。VP的预测表明,在电子到达屏幕的时候,它的波函数将被本地化到一个单一的原子附近,从而导致位置型测量。在一系列这样的实验中(“同样准备”,除了波函数的初始相位-VP公式中的隐藏变量-在预期的均匀分布上采样),测量位置的分布将重现狄拉克方程预测的干涉图样。我们还表明,与检测系统的设计从根本上检测电子的横向波长,而不是它的位置,VP预测,这样的模式将被检测到,也就是说,波长测量将导致。最后,它表明,这些结果是不变的“延迟选择”的实验变体。

英文摘要:

A nonlocal relativistic variational principle (VP) has recently been proposed as an alternative to the Dirac wave equation of standard quantum mechanics. We apply that principle to the electron two-slit experiment. The detection system is modelled as a screen made of atoms, any one of which can be excited by the incident electron, but we avoid restricting the detection mechanism further. The VP is shown to predict that, at the time the electron reaches the screen, its wavefunction will be localized to the neighborhood of a single atom, resulting in a position-type measurement. In an ensemble of such experiments ("identically prepared" except that the initial phase of the wavefunction--the hidden variable in the VP formulation--is sampled over the expected uniform distribution), the distribution of measured positions will reproduce the interference pattern predicted by the Dirac equation. We also demonstrate that with a detection system designed fundamentally to detect the electron's transverse wavelength rather than its position, the VP predicts that one such mode will be detected, that is, a wavelength measurement will result. Finally, it is shown that these results are unchanged in the "delayed choice" variant of the experiment.

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