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arXiv 1207.5151astro-ph.COastro-ph.GA
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早期宇宙中Lyman α发射星系中贫金属球状星团的形成

Formation of Metal-Poor Globular Clusters in Lyman alpha Emitting Galaxies in the Early Universe

Bruce G. Elmegreen, Sangeeta Malhotra, James Rhoads

摘要:

在中高红移观测到的莱曼α发射(LAE)星系的大小、质量、光度和空间密度与形成贫金属晕球状星团(GC)的星系的性质的预期一致。这些星系团的低金属丰度是它们在低质量星系中形成的结果。贫金属的GC可以与它们的矮星系宿主一起进入螺旋星系,而不像富含金属的GC在螺旋星系中形成。考虑到初始GC质量大于当前质量以解释多个恒星星族,并考虑可能与大质量星团一起形成的其他星团,我们估计,今天质量大于2 × 10^5 Msun的每个GC可能是在总恒星质量约3 × 10^7 Msun,分子质量约10^9 Msun,和10^7到10^9 Msun的老恒星,取决于相对气体分数。恒星的形成速率可能是几个兆太阳/年,持续了大约10^7年,莱曼α光度可能是大约10^42 erg/s。积分的LAE星系光度函数以上的最小值,考虑Lyalpha光子的平均逃逸概率(25%),然后除以矮星系的概率,观察到在LAE阶段(0.4%),我们发现LAE的共同移动的空间密度和平均空间密度之间的协议贫金属球状星团今天。本地星系WLM,其早期的星暴和旧GC,可能是一个LAE残余,没有进入星系晕,因为它的偏远位置。

英文摘要:

The size, mass, luminosity, and space density of Lyman-alpha emitting (LAE) galaxies observed at intermediate to high redshift agree with expectations for the properties of galaxies that formed metal-poor halo globular clusters (GCs). The low metallicity of these clusters is the result of their formation in low-mass galaxies. Metal-poor GCs could enter spiral galaxies along with their dwarf galaxy hosts, unlike metal-rich GCs which form in the spirals themselves. Considering an initial GC mass larger than the current mass to account for multiple stellar populations, and considering the additional clusters that are likely to form with massive clusters, we estimate that each GC with a mass today greater than 2x10^5 Msun was likely to have formed among a total stellar mass ~3x10^7 Msun, a molecular mass ~10^9 Msun, and 10^7 to 10^9 Msun of older stars, depending on the relative gas fraction. The star formation rate would have been several Msun/yr lasting for ~10^7 yrs, and the Lyman-alpha luminosity would have been ~10^42 erg/s. Integrating the LAE galaxy luminosity function above this minimum, considering the average escape probability for Lyalpha photons (25%), and then dividing by the probability that a dwarf galaxy is observed in the LAE phase (0.4%), we find agreement between the co-moving space density of LAEs and the average space density of metal-poor globular clusters today. The local galaxy WLM, with its early starburst and old GC, could be an LAE remnant that did not get into a galaxy halo because of its remote location.

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