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arXiv 1502.01349astro-ph.COastro-ph.GA
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关于Lyman-alpha发射星系周围的扩散Lyman-alpha晕

On the Diffuse Lyman-alpha Halo Around Lyman-alpha Emitting Galaxies

Ethan Lake, Zheng Zheng, Renyue Cen, Raphael Sadoun, Rieko Momose, Masami Ouchi

摘要:

Ly $α$光子被环星系介质中的中性氢原子散射或在恒星形成星系的晕中产生,预计会导致星系周围的扩展Ly $α$发射。这种低表面亮度的Ly $α$晕(LAH)已经通过叠加高红移恒星形成星系的Ly $α$图像而被探测到。通过对9个$z=3.1$ Lyman-Alpha发射体(LAEs)的辐射转移模型进行高分辨率流体动力学宇宙学星系形成模拟,研究了LAHs的起源。我们开发了一种方法,通过有效地整合在许多不同的观测方向计算的平均Ly $α$表面亮度轮廓的每个LAE。在不调整任何参数的情况下,我们的模型产生了一个平均的Ly $α$表面亮度分布与观测结果非常一致。我们发现,所观察到的LAHs不能单独占来自中央LAE和散射到大半径的环星系气体中的氢原子的光子。相反,来自外晕区域的Ly $α$发射主要负责产生观测中看到的扩展LAH,其中可能包括恒星形成和冷却辐射。在紫外线晕测量对恒星形成贡献的限制下,我们发现冷却辐射在扩展LAHs的形成中起着重要的作用。我们讨论了这样一个图片的影响和警告。

英文摘要:

Ly$α$ photons scattered by neutral hydrogen atoms in the circumgalactic media or produced in the halos of star-forming galaxies are expected to lead to extended Ly$α$ emission around galaxies. Such low surface brightness Ly$α$ halos (LAHs) have been detected by stacking Ly$α$ images of high-redshift star-forming galaxies. We study the origin of LAHs by performing radiative transfer modeling of nine $z=3.1$ Lyman-Alpha Emitters (LAEs) in a high resolution hydrodynamic cosmological galaxy formation simulation. We develop a method of computing the mean Ly$α$ surface brightness profile of each LAE by effectively integrating over many different observing directions. Without adjusting any parameters, our model yields an average Ly$α$ surface brightness profile in remarkable agreement with observations. We find that observed LAHs cannot be accounted for solely by photons originating from the central LAE and scattered to large radii by hydrogen atoms in the circumgalactic gas. Instead, Ly$α$ emission from regions in the outer halo is primarily responsible for producing the extended LAHs seen in observations, which potentially includes both star-forming and cooling radiation. With the limit on the star formation contribution set by the ultra-violet (UV) halo measurement, we find that cooling radiation can play an important role in forming the extended LAHs. We discuss the implications and caveats of such a picture.

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