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arXiv 1005.4934astro-ph.GAastro-ph.CO
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关于球状星团中多个恒星星族的形成

On the Formation of Multiple Stellar Populations in Globular Clusters

Charlie Conroy, David N. Spergel

摘要:

几乎所有的球状星团(GCs)研究到目前为止,显示出多个恒星星族的证据,形成鲜明对比的传统观点,GCs是一个单金属,同时代的恒星人口。在早期工作的基础上,我们提出了一个简单的物理模型的早期演变(几个10^8年)的GC。我们认为恒星的质量损失,II型和提示Ia型超新星,冲压压力,吸积从周围的ISM上的年轻GC自己的气藏的发展的影响。在我们的模型中,第一代恒星形成的II型超新星清除了其初始气体储层的GC。在接下来的几个10^8年里,AGB恒星的质量损失和周围ISM的物质吸积在GC的中心。这种物质必须保持相当冷(T~10^2K),但由于年轻GC中的高莱曼-维尔纳通量密度,在穿越时间不会发生灾难性的冷却。GC内的气体收集必须与来自环境ISM的冲压压力竞争。经过几十年的时间,莱曼-维尔纳光子通量密度下降了三个数量级以上,这使得氢分子和恒星得以形成。在第二代恒星形成之后,第二代的II型超新星和第一代的Ia型超新星保持了无气体的GC,从而结束了恒星形成事件的循环。我们的模型作出了明确的预测,存在或不存在多个恒星星族内GC质量和形成环境的函数GC。通过分析中等年龄的LMC星团,我们发现了一个质量阈值为10^4 Msun的证据,低于这个阈值的LMC星团似乎是真正的同时代星团。这个阈值质量是一致的,我们预测的质量在冲压压力是能够清除气体从集群在大麦哲伦星系在目前的时代。(简略)

英文摘要:

Nearly all globular clusters (GCs) studied to date show evidence for multiple stellar populations, in stark contrast to the conventional view that GCs are a mono-metallic, coeval population of stars. Building on earlier work, we propose a simple physical model for the early evolution (several 10^8 yr) of GCs. We consider the effects of stellar mass-loss, type II and prompt type Ia supernovae, ram pressure, and accretion from the ambient ISM on the development of a young GC's own gas reservoir. In our model, type II SNe from a first generation of star formation clears the GC of its initial gas reservoir. Over the next several 10^8 yr, mass lost from AGB stars and matter accreted from the ambient ISM collect at the center of the GC. This material must remain quite cool (T~10^2K), but does not catastrophically cool on a crossing time because of the high Lyman-Werner flux density in young GCs. The collection of gas within the GC must compete with ram pressure from the ambient ISM. After several 10^8 yr, the Lyman-Werner photon flux density drops by more than three orders of magnitude, allowing molecular hydrogen and then stars to form. After this second generation of star formation, type II SNe from the second generation and then prompt type Ia SNe associated with the first generation maintain a gas-free GC, thereby ending the cycle of star formation events. Our model makes clear predictions for the presence or absence of multiple stellar populations within GCs as a function of GC mass and formation environment. Analyzing intermediate-age LMC clusters, we find evidence for a mass threshold of ~10^4 Msun below which LMC clusters appear to be truly coeval. This threshold mass is consistent with our predictions for the mass at which ram pressure is capable of clearing gas from clusters in the LMC at the present epoch. (ABRIDGED)

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