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arXiv 1206.4783cond-mat.stat-mech
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微观不可逆性与H定理

Microscopic Irreversibility and the H Theorem

Jose A. Magpantay

摘要:

时间反演一直被认为是物理学在基本水平上的对称性。在本文中,我们将探讨违反时间反演对称性的基本水平和热力学系统的后果。首先,我们将从当前物理学的角度论证宇宙动力学不是时间反演不变的。第二,我们将论证任何热力学系统都不能与宇宙的其余部分隔离开来。然后,我们讨论这两个如何使热力学系统的动力学在经典和量子水平上非常弱的不可逆。由于时间反演不再是现实系统的对称性,宏观不可逆性如何从微观可逆性产生的问题变得无关紧要,因为不再有微观可逆性。在热力学系统的经典水平上,我们证明了即使没有微观可逆性,玻尔兹曼的H定理仍然成立。我们通过推导一个修正的H定理来做到这一点,该定理仍然表明熵单调增加。在量子水平上,我们显示了CP破坏的影响,小的不可逆变化的核和原子的能级的热力学系统的内部状态。因此,我们消除了洛施密茨对玻尔兹曼思想的反对。

英文摘要:

Time-reversal had always been assumed to be a symmetry of physics at the fundamental level. In this paper we will explore the violations of time-reversal symmetry at the fundamental level and the consequences on thermodynamic systems. First, we will argue from from current physics that the universe dynamics is not time-reversal invariant. Second, we will argue that any thermodynamic system cannot be isolated from the rest of the universe. We then discuss how these two make the dynamics of thermodynamics systems very weakly irreversible at the classical and quantum level. Since time-reversal is no longer a symmetry of realistic systems, the problem of how macroscopic irreversibility arises from microscopic reversibility becomes irrelevant becomes there is no longer microscopic reversibility. At the classical level of thermodynamics system, we show that the H Theorem of Boltzmann is still valid even without microscopic reversibility. We do this by deriving a modified H Theorem, which still shows entropy monotonically increasing. At the quantum level, we show the the effect of CP violation, small irreversible changes on the internal states of the nuclear and atomic energy levels of thermodynamic systems. Thus, we remove Loschmidts's objection to Boltzmann's ideas.

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