arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1206.3697q-bio.NCq-bio.MNq-bio.SC
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突触标记和长时程增强维持的分子限制:一个预测模型

Molecular Constraints on Synaptic Tagging and Maintenance of Long-Term Potentiation: A Predictive Model

Paul Smolen, Douglas A. Baxter, John H. Byrne

摘要:

谷氨酸能海马突触的蛋白质合成依赖性、晚期长时程增强(LTP)和抑制(LTD)是长期突触可塑性的典型例子。蛋白激酶M(PKM)活性的持续增加被认为是维持LTP的必要条件。控制LTP和LTD诱导的其他空间和时间特征体现在突触标记和捕获(STC)和交叉捕获假说中。只有被足够长时程增强和学习的刺激“标记”的突触才能“捕获”PKM。开发了一个模型来模拟LTP和LTD所需的关键分子的动态。该模型简明地表示标记,捕获,LTD和LTP维护之间的关系。该模型成功地模拟了由持续性突触PKM、STC、LTD和交叉捕获维持的LTP,并对PKM的动力学做出了可检验的预测。据预测,LTP的维持以及至少某些形式的长期记忆的维持需要持续的正反馈,其中PKM仅在增强的突触处增强其自身的合成。这种反馈是PKM活动的双稳态的基础。第二,交叉捕获需要诱导LTD来诱导树突状PKM合成,尽管这可能需要标记附近的突触用于LTP。该模型还模拟了PKM抑制的影响,并对CaM激酶的动力学进行了额外的预测。测试上述预测的实验将大大促进对记忆维持的理解。

英文摘要:

Protein synthesis-dependent, late long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD) at glutamatergic hippocampal synapses are well characterized examples of long-term synaptic plasticity. Persistent increased activity of the enzyme protein kinase M (PKM) is thought essential for maintaining LTP. Additional spatial and temporal features that govern LTP and LTD induction are embodied in the synaptic tagging and capture (STC) and cross capture hypotheses. Only synapses that have been "tagged" by an stimulus sufficient for LTP and learning can "capture" PKM. A model was developed to simulate the dynamics of key molecules required for LTP and LTD. The model concisely represents relationships between tagging, capture, LTD, and LTP maintenance. The model successfully simulated LTP maintained by persistent synaptic PKM, STC, LTD, and cross capture, and makes testable predictions concerning the dynamics of PKM. The maintenance of LTP, and consequently of at least some forms of long-term memory, is predicted to require continual positive feedback in which PKM enhances its own synthesis only at potentiated synapses. This feedback underlies bistability in the activity of PKM. Second, cross capture requires the induction of LTD to induce dendritic PKM synthesis, although this may require tagging of a nearby synapse for LTP. The model also simulates the effects of PKM inhibition, and makes additional predictions for the dynamics of CaM kinases. Experiments testing the above predictions would significantly advance the understanding of memory maintenance.

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