arXiv 1206.23652012-06-11hep-th

物种存在下的黑洞量子力学

Black Hole Quantum Mechanics in the Presence of Species

Gia Dvali, Cesar Gomez, Dieter Lust

备注：: 14 pages, 7 figures
DOI：: 10.1002/prop.201300002

摘要：

最近在微观量子理论的背景下，黑洞的量子N-肖像，它表明，连续的全球对称性是兼容的量子黑洞物理。在本文中，我们在相同的框架内修订的半经典黑洞的粒子种类数N_{species}的约束。我们发现，不同于全球的约束，约束的物种生存在量子图像，并产生一个新的基本长度尺度，L_{species} = sqrt{ N_{species} } L_P$，超过该决议的物种身份是不可能的。这一发现否定了所谓的物种问题。这个尺度设定了理论中最轻的量子黑洞普朗克离子的大小。引力和非引力物种之间的一个关键区别出现了。对于引力粒子，最轻的黑洞正好处于微扰么正性破坏的尺度，这是引力自紫外完成的一个强有力的迹象。然而，非引力物质在微扰么正性尺度和最轻的黑洞之间产生了一个缺口，这个缺口必须由某种恢复么正性的物理学来填补。因此，引力的自UV完成意味着非引力物质的数量不能超过引力物质。

英文摘要：

Recently within the context of a microscopic quantum theory, the Black Hole's Quantum N-Portrait, it was shown that continuous global symmetries are compatible with quantum black hole physics. In the present paper we revise within the same framework the semi-classical black hole bound on the number of particle species N_{species}. We show that unlike the bound on global charge, the bound on species survives in the quantum picture and gives rise to a new fundamental length-scale, L_{species} = sqrt{N_{species}} L_P$, beyond which the resolution of species identities is impossible. This finding nullifies the so-called species problem. This scale sets the size of the lightest quantum black hole in the theory, Planckion. A crucial difference between the gravitational and non-gravitational species emerges. For gravitational species, the lightest black holes are exactly at the scale of perturbative unitarity violation, which is a strong indication for self-UV-completion of gravity. However, non-gravitational species create a gap between the perturbative unitarity scale and the lightest black holes, which must be filled by some unitarity-restoring physics. Thus, self-UV-completion of gravity implies that the number of non-gravitational species must not exceed the gravitational ones.

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