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arXiv 1206.1003cond-mat.stat-mech
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有界域中的首次通过:何时平均首次通过时间有意义?

First passages in bounded domains: When is the mean first passage time meaningful?

Thiago G. Mattos, Carlos Mejía-Monasterio, Ralf Metzler, Gleb S. Oshanin

摘要:

本文研究了布朗运动在二维有界区域中的吸附边界和反射边界的不同形状和构型的首次通过统计量。通过大量的数值分析,我们得到了随机变量ω=τ_1/(τ_1+τ_2)的概率P(ω)分布,它是布朗行走的两个独立实现的首次通过时间τ_1和τ_2相似程度的度量。我们为每个域构建一个图表,确定P(ω)是否代表单峰的钟形形式,或双峰的M形行为。虽然在前一种情况下,平均首次通过时间(MFPT)是首次通过行为的有效特征,但在后一种情况下,它不足以测量该过程。引人注目的是,我们发现P(ω)的两种模式之间的明显转换,特征域形状和吸收和反射边界的相应位置。我们的研究结果表明,大的波动的第一次通过时间可能会经常发生在二维域中,呈现相当模糊的一般使用的MFPT作为一个强大的措施的实际行为,即使在有界域,其中所有的时刻的第一次通过分布存在。

英文摘要:

We study the first passage statistics to adsorbing boundaries of a Brownian motion in bounded two-dimensional domains of different shapes and configurations of the adsorbing and reflecting boundaries. From extensive numerical analysis we obtain the probability P(ω) distribution of the random variable ω=τ_1/(τ_1+τ_2), which is a measure for how similar the first passage times τ_1 and τ_2 are of two independent realisations of a Brownian walk starting at the same location. We construct a chart for each domain, determining whether P(ω) represents a unimodal, bell-shaped form, or a bimodal, M-shaped behaviour. While in the former case the mean first passage time (MFPT) is a valid characteristic of the first passage behaviour, in the latter case it is an insufficient measure for the process. Strikingly we find a distinct turnover between the two modes of P(ω), characteristic for the domain shape and the respective location of absorbing and reflective boundaries. Our results demonstrate that large fluctuations of the first passage times may occur frequently in two-dimensional domains, rendering quite vague the general use of the MFPT as a robust measure of the actual behaviour even in bounded domains, in which all moments of the first passage distribution exist.

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