首通运动学的通用控制预算
A Universal Control Budget for First-Passage Kinetics
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中文总结 AI 辅助
该研究提出有限马尔可夫链平均首通时间对速率的灵敏度约束，构成守恒控制预算，明确动力学校对的判别上限及与底物浓度的灵敏度关系。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
首通时间是反应完成的自然可观测指标，但其均值对速率变化的响应一直缺乏通用约束。我们证明，任意有限马尔可夫链的平均首通时间对任意速率的对数灵敏度的绝对值不超过1，且这些灵敏度之和为-1。这两个规律共同构成了一个守恒的控制预算：通过某些跃迁加快完成必须以其他跃迁为代价，协同变化仅能在预算允许范围内改变完成时间。提高活化势垒或改变势阱深度会同时改变多个速率，但二者均无法使完成时间的变化超过单个速率所能达到的程度。该预算将动力学校对的判别能力上限设定为检查点数量，并以对底物浓度的灵敏度对其进行定价。
英文摘要
The first-passage time is the natural observable of reaction completion, yet how its mean responds to a rate change has lacked a general constraint. We show that the logarithmic sensitivity of the mean first-passage time of any finite Markov chain to any rate is bounded by one in magnitude, and that these sensitivities sum to -1. Together the two laws form a conserved control budget: speeding completion through some transitions must be paid for by others, and a coordinated change shifts the completion time only as far as the budget allows. Raising an activation barrier or shifting the depth of a well moves many rates at once, yet neither can shift the completion time further than a single rate could. The budget caps kinetic-proofreading discrimination at the checkpoint count, and prices it in sensitivity to substrate concentration.
