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arXiv 1206.0052astro-ph.CO
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WMAP1和WMAP7宇宙学中的星系形成

Galaxy formation in WMAP1 and WMAP7 cosmologies

Qi Guo, Simon White, Raul E. Angulo, Bruno Henriques, Gerard Lemson, Michael Boylan-Kolchin, Peter Thomas, Chris Short

摘要:

使用Angulo & White(2010)的技术,我们将LCDM宇宙中结构生长的Millennium和Millennium-II模拟从宇宙学参数(基于威尔金森微波各向异性探测器(WMAP 1)的第一年结果)扩展到与七年WMAP数据(WMAP 7)一致的参数。我们实施半解析星系形成模拟在这两个宇宙学的星系的形成,演化和集群的预测与宇宙学参数的变化。WMAP 7中物质密度Omega_m的增加和线性波动幅度sigma_8的减小具有补偿效应,因此,当z <= 3时,暗晕的丰度和成簇性与WMAP 1非常相似。因此,通过稍微改变星系形成的参数,两种宇宙学中的局部星系性质可以同样好地再现。星系人口的演化也是类似的。在WMAP 7中,结构形成稍晚。这使得宇宙恒星形成率的峰值向较低的红移移动,导致z=0时的星系略蓝。尽管如此,该模型仍然预测了比观测到的更多的被动低质量星系。当rp<1 Mpc时,低质量星系的z=0成团在WMAP 7中比在WMAP 1中弱,并且更接近于观测结果,但是这两种宇宙学在更大质量的星系和大尺度上给出了非常相似的结果。在z>1的星系被预测为WMAP 7更强烈的集群。在这两种宇宙学中,星系性质的差异,包括星系团,在红移3之前是相当小的。由于在星系形成模型中仍然存在相当大的不确定性,因此很难通过观测星系的性质或它们的演化来区分WMAP 1和WMAP 7。

英文摘要:

Using the technique of Angulo & White (2010) we scale the Millennium and Millennium-II simulations of structure growth in a LCDM universe from the cosmological parameters with which they were carried out (based on first-year results from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe, WMAP1) to parameters consistent with the seven-year WMAP data (WMAP7). We implement semi-analytic galaxy formation modelling on both simulations in both cosmologies to investigate how the formation, evolution and clustering of galaxies are predicted to vary with cosmological parameters. The increased matter density Omega_m and decreased linear fluctuation amplitude sigma8 in WMAP7 have compensating effects, so that the abundance and clustering of dark halos are predicted to be very similar to those in WMAP1 for z <= 3. As a result, local galaxy properties can be reproduced equally well in the two cosmologies by slightly altering galaxy formation parameters. The evolution of the galaxy populations is then also similar. In WMAP7, structure forms slightly later. This shifts the peak in cosmic star formation rate to lower redshift, resulting in slightly bluer galaxies at z=0. Nevertheless, the model still predicts more passive low-mass galaxies than are observed. For rp< 1Mpc, the z=0 clustering of low-mass galaxies is weaker for WMAP7 than for WMAP1 and closer to that observed, but the two cosmologies give very similar results for more massive galaxies and on large scales. At z>1 galaxies are predicted to be more strongly clustered for WMAP7. Differences in galaxy properties, including, clustering, in these two cosmologies are rather small up to redshift 3. Given that there are still considerable residual uncertainties in galaxy formation models, it is very difficult to distinguish WMAP1 from WMAP7 through observations of galaxy properties or their evolution.

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