Cascaded lattice-Boltzmann method (Cascaded-LBM) employs a new class of collision operators aiming to improve numerical stability. It achieves this and distinguishes from other collision operators, such as in the standard single or multiple relaxation time approaches, by performing relaxation process due to collisions in terms of moments shifted by the local hydrodynamic fluid velocity, i.e. central moments, in an ascending order-by-order at different relaxation rates. In this paper, we propose and derive source terms in the Cascaded-LBM to represent the effect of external or internal forces on the dynamics of fluid motion. This is essentially achieved by matching the continuous form of the central moments of the source or forcing terms with its discrete version. Different forms of continuous central moments of sources, including one that is obtained from a local Maxwellian, are considered in this regard. As a result, the forcing terms obtained in this new formulation are Galilean invariant by construction. The method of central moments along with the associated orthogonal properties of the moment basis completely determines the expressions for the source terms as a function of the force and macroscopic velocity fields. In contrast to the existing forcing schemes, it is found that they involve higher order terms in velocity space. It is shown that the proposed approach implies "generalization" of both local equilibrium and source terms in the usual lattice frame of reference, which depend on the ratio of the relaxation times of moments of different orders. An analysis by means of the Chapman-Enskog multiscale expansion shows that the Cascaded-LBM with forcing terms is consistent with the Navier-Stokes equations. Computational experiments with canonical problems involving different types of forces demonstrate its accuracy.
Cascaded lattice Boltzmann method for incompressible thermal flows with heat sources and general thermal boundary conditions
基于级联或中心矩的格子玻尔兹曼方法(CLBM)是LBM领域中的一个相对较新的发展,与经典的单关系时间(SRT)LBM相比,它具有更好的数值稳定性,并且对于特定的格子自然地实现更好的伽利略不变性。最近,CLBM已经扩展到基于双分布函数(DDF)方法的热流模拟[L。Fei \textit{et al.},Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 120,624(2018)]。在这项工作中,CLBM进一步扩展到模拟涉及复杂的热边界条件和/或热源的热流。特别地,在中心矩空间中提出了一个离散的源项,以包括一个热源,并采用一般的反弹格式来实现热边界条件。对几个典型问题的数值结果与文献中的解析解和/或数值结果吻合较好,验证了CLBM在热流问题中的应用.
[Geier \textit{et al.},Phys. Rev. E \textbf{63},066705(2006)]中提出的级联或基于中心矩的格子玻尔兹曼方法(CLBM)具有非常好的数值稳定性。然而,在三维(3D)CLBM模拟中存在两个约束。首先,传统的实现三维CLBM涉及繁琐的操作,并需要更高的计算成本相比,单弛豫时间(SRT)LBM。其次,将一般力场准确地结合到3D CLBM中是一个挑战。在本文中,我们提出了一种改进的方法来实现三维CLBM。其主要策略是采用简化的中心矩集合,并在一般的多松弛时间框架下实现基于中心矩的碰撞算子。其次,最近提出的一致强迫方案在CLBM [L。Fei和K. H. Luo,Phys. Rev. E \textbf{96},053307(2017)]扩展为将一般力场并入3D CLBM。与最近发展的非正交CLBM [A. D. Rosis,Phys. Rev. E \textbf{95},013310(2017)],我们的实现被证明可以显著降低计算成本。揭示并讨论了非正交CLBM中采用离散平衡分布函数的不一致性。通过对几个典型的力驱动流的数值模拟,验证了这里开发的3D CLBM与一致的强迫方案,突出显示了非常好的性能,在精度,收敛性和一致性与非滑移规则。最后,这里开发的三维CLBM的技术可以应用于使三维MRT-LBM的实施和执行更有效。
Effect of the forcing term in the pseudopotential lattice Boltzmann modeling of thermal flows
赝势格子Boltzmann(LB)模型是LB界中用于模拟多相流的流行模型。近年来,基于赝势LB模型和双分布函数LB方法,提出了几种热LB模型来模拟热多相流[G. Házi和A. Márkus,Phys.Rev.E77,026305(2008); L. Biferale等人,物理修订版信函108,104502(2012); S. Gong和P. Cheng,Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 55,4923(2012)]。本文的目的是表明,在热流的赝势LB模拟中,必须消除强迫项对温度方程的影响。首先,通过Chapman-Enskog分析显示了强迫项对温度方程的影响。为了比较,提供了不受强迫项影响的替代治疗。随后,数值研究进行了两个基准测试。数值结果清楚地表明,强迫项效应的存在将导致显着的数值误差的赝势LB模型的热流。
Three-dimensional central-moments-based lattice Boltzmann method with external forcing: A consistent, concise and universal formulation
基于级联或中心矩的格子玻尔兹曼方法(CM-LBM)是模拟高雷诺数流动的更传统的BGK-LBM的稳健替代方案。不幸的是,它的原始公式使得它很难扩展到更广泛的物理学范围。为了解决这个问题,最近的工作[A。De Rosis,Phys.Rev.E95,013310(2017)]提出了一种更通用的方法来获得简洁有效的三维CM-LBM。知道原始模型还依赖于以特定方式导出的中心矩,即,通过模仿麦克斯韦-玻尔兹曼分布,以确保其伽利略不变性后验,最近的努力[A. De Rosis和K. H. Luo,Phys. Rev. E 99,013301(2019)]进一步推广了它们的推导。后者表明,人们可以推导出伽利略不变CM在一个系统的和先验的方式,考虑高阶厄米多项式的离散平衡态的推导。结合这两种方法,提出了一个紧凑的和数学上合理的制定CM-LBM与外部强迫。更具体地说,建议的形式主义充分利用D3 Q27离散化依赖于相应的一组27埃尔米特多项式(六阶)的离散平衡态和强迫项的推导。目前的方法是更一致的比以前的方法,因为它正确地解释了如何推导出伽利略不变CM的强迫项在一个先验的方式。此外,在保持原来的CM-LBM的数值特性,目前的工作导致一个紧凑和简单的算法,代表一个普遍的方法的基础上CM和外部强迫晶格玻尔兹曼框架内。
Central Moment Lattice Boltzmann Method using a Pressure-based Formulation for Multiphase Flows at High Density Ratios and including Effects of Surface Tension and Marangoni Stresses
Multiscale method based on coupled lattice-Boltzmann and Langevin-dynamics for direct simulation of nanoscale particle/polymer suspensions in complex flows
Physics-Constrained Neural Closure for Lattice Boltzmann Large-Eddy Simulation
University of Rome “Tor Vergata”(罗马托尔维加塔大学);Italian Institute of Technology(意大利理工学院);Harvard University(哈佛大学);Chalmers University of Technology(查尔姆斯理工大学)
Multiphysics flow simulations using D3Q19 lattice Boltzmann methods based on central moments
在最近的工作[A。德罗西斯河Huang,和C. Coreixas,“Universal formulation of central-moments-based格子玻尔兹曼方法with external forcing for the simulation of multiphysics phenomenon”,Phys. Fluids 31,117102(2019)],已经通过D3 Q27离散化提出了一种多松弛时间格子玻尔兹曼方法(LBM),其中在中心矩(CM)空间中执行碰撞阶段。这些量向一个优雅的伽利略不变平衡放松,也可以包括外部加速度的影响。在这里,我们调查的可能性,采用一个粗糙的晶格组成的19个离散的速度。这样的选择的后果进行评估的准确性和稳定性,通过多物理基准问题的基础上单,多相和磁流体力学流动模拟。最后,它表明,从27个到19个离散速度的减少只有很小的影响的准确性和稳定性的CM-LBM的中等雷诺数流在弱可压缩的制度。
Lattice Boltzmann modeling of boiling heat transfer: The boiling curve and the effects of wettability
基于改进的赝势LB方法,提出了一种模拟热多相流相变的混合热格子Boltzmann(LB)模型。Li,K. H. Luo和X. J. Li,Phys.Rev.E87,053301(2013)]。本模型不受杂散项所造成的强迫项的影响,这是遇到了一些以前的热LB模型的液-汽相变。利用该模型对汽液沸腾过程进行了模拟。沸腾曲线连同三个沸腾阶段(核态沸腾,过渡沸腾,和膜沸腾)的数值再现在LB社区的第一次。数值结果表明,该模型较好地反映了沸腾传热的基本特征和基本特性,如过渡沸腾过程中瞬态热流密度的剧烈波动和最大传热系数位于比最大热流密度更低的壁面处等。此外,还研究了加热表面润湿性对沸腾传热的影响。结果表明,随着接触角的增大,沸腾的起始温度升高,但临界热流密度降低,沸腾过程在较低的壁厚处进入膜态沸腾,这与实验结果一致。
Lattice Boltzmann Methods for Navier-Stokes Equations in General Orthogonal Coordinates for Efficient Flow Simulations using Nonuniform Clustered Grids