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arXiv 1202.6069astro-ph.HEgr-qc
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用电磁波谱中的观测检验无毛定理。IV。相对论加宽的铁谱线

Testing the No-Hair Theorem with Observations in the Electromagnetic Spectrum. IV. Relativistically Broadened Iron Lines

Tim Johannsen, Dimitrios Psaltis

摘要:

根据无毛定理,天体物理学上的黑洞完全由它们的质量和自旋来表征,并由克尔度规来描述。这个定理可以通过测量黑洞时空的(至少)三个不同的多极矩来检验。在本文中,我们计算的荧光铁线发射的吸积流周围的黑洞候选人的框架内,使我们能够执行的计算作为其质量和自旋的函数,以及一个自由参数,测量潜在的偏离克尔度规。我们发现,这种偏差导致线轮廓显着改变,并可能表现出修改后的流量比的两个峰值在其特征双峰形状。我们还表明,磁盘倾斜可以独立的自旋和偏差参数测量在低到中等的倾斜角的情况下,克尔黑洞。我们估计的精度,不久的将来的X射线任务,如Astro-H和ATHENA+需要实现,以解决偏离克尔度规的铁线配置文件,并表明,这种偏差的约束将是最强的快速旋转的黑洞。更一般地说,我们表明,在30或60度的磁盘倾角的测量精度为~5%的线的轮廓约束的偏差参数,以统一的值的自旋a> 0.5 M。

英文摘要:

According to the no-hair theorem, astrophysical black holes are fully characterized by their masses and spins and are described by the Kerr metric. This theorem can be tested observationally by measuring (at least) three different multipole moments of the spacetimes of black holes. In this paper, we calculate the profiles of fluorescent iron lines emitted from the accretion flows around black hole candidates within a framework that allows us to perform the calculation as a function of its mass and spin as well as of a free parameter that measures potential deviations from the Kerr metric. We show that such deviations lead to line profiles that are significantly altered and may exhibit a modified flux ratio of the two peaks in their characteristic double-peaked shape. We also show that the disk inclination can be measured independently of the spin and the deviation parameter at low to intermediate inclination angles as in the case of Kerr black holes. We estimate the precision that near-future X-ray missions such as Astro-H and ATHENA+ are required to achieve in order to resolve deviations from the Kerr metric in iron line profiles and show that constraints on such deviations will be strongest for rapidly spinning black holes. More generally, we show that measuring the line profile with a precision of ~5% at disk inclinations of 30 or 60 degrees constraints the deviation parameter to order unity for values of the spin a>0.5M.

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