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arXiv 1202.5555astro-ph.SR
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极低质量双星中单个组分的自转速度

Rotational Velocities of Individual Components in Very Low Mass Binaries

Q. M. Konopacky, A. M. Ghez, D. C. Fabrycky, B. A. Macintosh, R. J. White, T. S. Barman, E. L. Rice, G. Hallinan, G. Duchene

摘要:

我们提出了旋转速度的11个非常低质量(VLM)的二进制文件的光谱类型之间的M7和L7.5的各个组件。这些结果是基于近红外光谱仪、NIRSPEC和凯克II激光导星自适应光学(LGS AO)系统的观测结果。我们发现,所观察到的源往往是快速旋转(vsini > 10公里/秒),与以前的VLM对象的可见度有限的测量一致。其中两个vsini最大的源LP 349- 25 B和HD 130948 C的旋转速度约为分裂速度的30%,是已知旋转速度最快的VLM天体之一。此外,有五个双星系统的轨道半长轴都小于3.5天文单位,它们的vsini值相差超过3西格玛。为了使具有不同旋转速度的二元分量一致,需要旋转轴相对于彼此倾斜,并且至少一个分量相对于轨道平面倾斜。或者,每个分量可以以不同的速率旋转,即使它们具有相似的光谱类型。这两种不同的旋转速度和倾角都对双星的形成和演化有影响。我们还研究了三重系统HD 130948 A-BC可能的动力学演化。密近双星褐矮星B和C的vsini值明显不同。我们证明,组件B和C可能已经扭转到失准的主星,A,通过轨道岁差。这种情况也可以应用于我们的样本中的另一个三元组系统,GJ 569 A-Bab。像这样的相互作用可能在极低质量双星的动力学演化中发挥重要作用。最后,我们注意到其中两个在分量vsini上有很大差异的双星,LP 349- 25 AB和2 MASS 0746+ 20 AB,也是已知的射电源。

英文摘要:

We present rotational velocities for individual components of eleven very low mass (VLM) binaries with spectral types between M7 and L7.5. These results are based on observations taken with the near-infrared spectrograph, NIRSPEC, and the Keck II laser guide star adaptive optics (LGS AO) system. We find that the observed sources tend to be rapid rotators (vsini > 10 km/s), consistent with previous seeing-limited measurements of VLM objects. The two sources with the largest vsini, LP 349-25B and HD 130948C, are rotating at ~30% of their break up speed, and are among the most rapidly rotating VLM objects known. Furthermore, five binary systems, all with orbital semi-major axes <3.5 AU, have component vsini values that differ by greater than 3sigma. To bring the binary components with discrepant rotational velocities into agreement would require the rotational axes to be inclined with respect to each other, and that at least one component is inclined with respect to the orbital plane. Alternatively, each component could be rotating at a different rate, even though they have similar spectral types. Both differing rotational velocities and inclinations have implications for binary star formation and evolution. We also investigate possible dynamical evolution in the triple system HD 130948A-BC. The close binary brown dwarfs B and C have significantly different vsini values. We demonstrate that components B and C could have been torqued into misalignment by the primary star, A, via orbital precession. Such a scenario can also be applied to another triple system in our sample, GJ 569A-Bab. Interactions such as these may play an important role in the dynamical evolution of very low mass binaries. Finally, we note that two of the binaries with large differences in component vsini, LP 349-25AB and 2MASS 0746+20AB, are also known radio sources.

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