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arXiv 1202.4767astro-ph.CO
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从第一次红色序列星系团巡天看星系团的演化

Evolution of Group Galaxies from the First Red-Sequence Cluster Survey

I. H. Li, H. K. C. Yee, B. C. Hsieh, M. Gladders

摘要:

我们研究了905个0.15 < z < 0.52星系群的红星系分数(f_red)的演化。星系群是通过第一次红序星系团巡天(RCS 1)光度红移样本中的“朋友的概率”算法确定的。星系群的红序性质有高度的一致性,这表明星系群中的亮红序星系在z~0.5时就已经存在,并且它们的形成时期z>2。一般来说,在较低的红移的群体表现出较大的f_red比那些在高红移,显示出群体的Butcher-Oemler效应。我们研究了fred的演化过程,考察了它对四个参数的依赖性,这四个参数可以分为一个内在的和三个环境的:星系恒星质量(M *),总的星系团质量(M_{*,grp},一个代表星系团晕质量的代理),归一化的星系团中心半径(r_grp)和局部星系密度(Sigma_5).我们发现M * 是主要参数,使得f_red与星系恒星质量之间有很强的相关性。此外,f_red对环境参数的依赖性也是M_* 的强函数。大质量星系(M_* > 10^11 M_sun)的f_red在红移范围内几乎不依赖于r_grp、M_{*,grp}和Sigma_5。f_red对这些参数的依赖性主要出现在质量较低的星系中,尤其是M_* < 10^{10.6} M_{sun}。我们观察到一个明显的“组缩小”的效果,在低质量的星系晕,控制星系恒星质量后,有较低的f_red。我们发现在其他参数被控制后,\fred对\rgrp和\SigmaF都有依赖性。在一个固定的\rgrp,有一个显着的依赖f_red的Sigma_5,而r_grp梯度的f_red被视为类似的Sigma_5区域的星系。这表明.....

英文摘要:

We study the evolution of the red galaxy fraction (f_red) in 905 galaxy groups with 0.15 < z < 0.52. The galaxy groups are identified by the `probability Friends-of-Friends' algorithm from the first Red-Sequence Cluster Survey (RCS1) photometric-redshift sample. There is a high degree of uniformity in the properties of the red-sequence of the group galaxies, indicating that the luminous red-sequence galaxies in the groups are already in place by z~0.5 and that they have a formation epoch of z>2. In general, groups at lower redshifts exhibit larger f_red than those at higher redshifts, showing a group Butcher-Oemler effect. We investigate the evolution of f_red by examining its dependence on four parameters, which can be classified as one intrinsic and three environmental: galaxy stellar mass (M_*), total group stellar mass(M_{*,grp}, a proxy for group halo mass), normalized group-centric radius (r_grp), and local galaxy density (Sigma_5). We find that M_* is the dominant parameter such that there is a strong correlation between f_red and galaxy stellar mass. Furthermore, the dependence of f_red on the environmental parameters is also a strong function of M_*. Massive galaxies (M_* > 10^11 M_sun) show little dependence of f_red on r_grp, M_{*,grp}, and Sigma_5 over the redshift range. The dependence of f_red on these parameters is primarily seen for galaxies with lower masses, especially for M_* < 10^{10.6} M_{sun}. We observe an apparent `group down-sizing' effect, in that galaxies in lower-mass halos, after controlling for galaxy stellar mass, have lower f_red. We find a dependence of \fred on both \rgrp and \SigmaF after the other parameters are controlled. At a fixed \rgrp, there is a significant dependence of f_red on Sigma_5, while r_grp gradients of f_red are seen for galaxies in similar Sigma_5 regions. This indicates .....

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