We present the Evolution of molecular Gas in Normal Galaxies (EGNoG) survey, an observational study of molecular gas in 31 star-forming galaxies from z=0.05 to z=0.5, with stellar masses of (4-30)x10^10 M_Sun and star formation rates of 4-100 M_Sun yr^-1. This survey probes a relatively un-observed redshift range in which the molecular gas content of galaxies is expected to have evolved significantly. To trace the molecular gas in the EGNoG galaxies, we observe the CO(1-0) and CO(3-2) rotational lines using the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy (CARMA). We detect 24 of 31 galaxies and present resolved maps of 10 galaxies in the lower redshift portion of the survey. We use a bimodal prescription for the CO to molecular gas conversion factor, based on specific star formation rate, and compare the EGNoG galaxies to a large sample of galaxies assembled from the literature. We find an average molecular gas depletion time of 0.76 \pm 0.54 Gyr for normal galaxies and 0.06 \pm 0.04 Gyr for starburst galaxies. We calculate an average molecular gas fraction of 7-20% at the intermediate redshifts probed by the EGNoG survey. By expressing the molecular gas fraction in terms of the specific star formation rate and molecular gas depletion time (using typical values), we also calculate the expected evolution of the molecular gas fraction with redshift. The predicted behavior agrees well with the significant evolution observed from z~2.5 to today.
The VLA-COSMOS Perspective on the IR-Radio Relation. I. New Constraints on Selection Biases and the Non-Evolution of the IR/Radio Properties of Star Forming and AGN Galaxies at Intermediate and High Redshift
Stellar velocity dispersion of Luminous Compact Galaxies at intermediate redshift
本文给出了5个发光致密星系（LCG）在z=0.5-0.7范围内的恒星速度色散测量结果。这些星系正在活跃地形成恒星，平均SFR $\sim$为40 M $_{\odot}$ /年。我们发现它们的速度色散范围从$\sim137\ \rm{km/s}$到$260\ \rm{km/s}$，而它们的恒星质量范围从$4\times 10^{9}$到$10^{11}$ M $_{\odot}$。如果这些LCG在恒星形成的大爆发之后被动地演化，它们的质量和速度色散，以及它们演化的颜色和光度与今天早期螺旋星系的特征值最一致。
We have used the upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope to carry out a deep (117 on-source hours) L-band observation of the Extended Groth Strip, to measure the average neutral hydrogen (HI) mass and median star formation rate (SFR) of star-forming galaxies, as well as the cosmic HI mass density, at $0.2 < z < 0.4$. This was done by stacking the HI 21cm emission and the rest-frame 1.4 GHz radio continuum from 445 blue star-forming galaxies with $\rm M_B \leq -17$ at $z_{\rm mean} \approx 0.34$. The stacked HI 21cm emission signal is detected at $\approx 7σ$ significance, implying an average …
AKARI Observation of the North Ecliptic Pole (NEP) Supercluster at z = 0.087: mid-infrared view of transition galaxies
我们提出的中红外（MIR）的性质的星系内的超星系团在北极地区在z？0.087 AKARI卫星观测到的。我们使用的数据从AKARI NEP宽（5.4 deg 2）IR调查和星系演化研究（CLEVL）任务计划的集群。我们发现，近红外（3 μm）-中红外（11 μm）颜色可以作为一个指标，具体的恒星形成率和存在的中间年龄恒星星族。从MIR观测中发现，红序星系不仅由被动演化的红色早型星系组成，而且还包括1）“弱SFG”（盘控星系，其恒星形成速率比蓝云星系低\sim 4）和2）“中等MXG”（膨胀星系，其MIR尘埃辐射比正常的红色早型星系强）。这两个群体可能是一组过渡星系，从蓝色的、恒星形成的、晚型星系演变成红色的、静止的、早型星系。我们发现弱SFG在中等质量（1010 M \odot < M \star <1010.5 M \odot）时占优势，并且通常在类似于星系团外围的局部密度中发现。在这个质量范围内，有40%的超星系团成员星系可以被归类为弱SFG，但在任何星系密度下，它们的比例在更大的质量（M \star > 1010.5 M \odot）时会下降到< 10%。在1010 M \odot < M \star <1011 M \odot的红序星系中，中间MXG的比例也随着密度和质量的增加而减少。特别是，\sim 42%的红序列星系的早期型形态被归类为中等密度的中间MXG。这些结果表明，…
The maximum luminosity of type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) depends on the oxygen abundance of the regions of the host galaxies where they explode. This metallicity dependence reduces the dispersion in the Hubble diagram (HD) when included with the traditional two-parameter calibration of SN Ia light-curve (LC) parameters and absolute magnitude. In this work, we use empirical calibrations to carefully estimate the oxygen abundance of galaxies hosting SNe Ia from the SDSS-II/SNe Survey at intermediate redshift, by measuring their emission line intensities. We also derive electronic temperature with t…
The leading contenders for the seeds of $z > 6$ quasars are direct-collapse black holes (DCBHs) forming in atomically-cooled halos at $z \sim$ 20. However, the Lyman-Werner (LW) UV background required to form DCBHs of 10$^5$ \Ms\ are extreme, about 10$^4$ J$_{21}$, and may have been rare in the early universe. Here we investigate the formation of intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) under moderate LW backgrounds of 100 and 500 J$_{21}$ that were much more common at early times. These backgrounds allow halos to grow to a few 10$^6$ - 10$^7$ \Ms\ and virial temperatures of nearly 10$^4$ K befor…
The intermediate mass black hole range, $10\lesssim M_{\rm BH}^{}/M_\odot^{}\lesssim 10^{5} $, has long offered enticing possibilities for primordial black holes (PBH), with populations in this range postulated to be responsible for some of the black hole binary merger detected events as well as the existence of supermassive black holes embedded at galactic centers. However, a prominent bound derived from PBH accretion during recombination severely restricts the mass fraction of intermediate mass PBH. We address this problem by proposing a formation scenario in which ``primordial" black holes …
We report the formation of intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) in suites of numerical $N$-body simulations of Population III remnant black holes (BHs) embedded in gas-rich protogalaxies at redshifts $z\gtrsim10$. We model the effects of gas drag on the BHs' orbits, and allow BHs to grow via gas accretion, including a mode of hyper-Eddington accretion in which photon trapping and rapid gas inflow suppress any negative radiative feedback. Most initial BH configurations lead to the formation of one (but never more than one) IMBH in the center of the protogalaxy, reaching a mass of $10^{3-5}\mat…
We study the formation of massive black holes in the first star clusters. We first locate star-forming gas clouds in proto-galactic haloes of $\gtrsim \!10^7\,{\rm M}_{\odot}$ in cosmological hydrodynamics simulations and use them to generate the initial conditions for star clusters with masses of $\sim \!10^5\,{\rm M}_{\odot}$. We then perform a series of direct-tree hybrid $N$-body simulations to follow runaway stellar collisions in the dense star clusters. In all the cluster models except one, runaway collisions occur within a few million years, and the mass of the central, most massive sta…
Cluster star-forming galaxies are found to have an excess of Far-Infrared emission relative to H-alpha (Ha), when compared to those in the field, which could be caused by intense AGN activity, dust and/or declining star formation histories. Here we present spectroscopic observations of Ha emitters in the Cl 0939+4713 (Abell 851) super-cluster at z=0.41, using AF2+WYFFOS on the WHT. We measure [OII], Hbeta (Hb), [OIII], Ha and [NII] for a sample of 119 Ha emitters in and around the cluster. We find that 17+-5% of the Ha emitters are AGN, irrespective of environment. For star-forming galaxies, w…
We investigate the role of dense Mpc-scale environments in processing molecular gas of cluster galaxies as they fall into the cluster cores. We consider $\sim20$ luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs) in intermediate-$z$ clusters, from the Hershel Lensing Survey and the Local Cluster Substructure Survey. They include MACS J0717.5+3745 at $z=0.546$ and Abell 697, 963, 1763, and 2219 at $z=0.2-0.3$. We have performed far infrared to ultraviolet spectral energy distribution modeling of the LIRGs, which span cluster-centric distances within $r/r_{200}\simeq0.2-1.6$. We have observed the LIRGs in CO(1$…
