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arXiv 1202.4334nlin.CD
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非平衡混沌系统中粒子碰撞模式的可分辨性效应

Effect of distinguishability of patterns of collisions of particles in a non-equilibrium chaotic system

Alexander Jonathan Vidgop, Itzhak Fouxon

摘要:

我们遵循的时间序列的二元弹性碰撞在一个小的收集硬核粒子。碰撞之间的间隔由给定时间内不同对的碰撞次数来表征。之前已经证明,由于遍历性,这些数字随着时间的推移而增长,作为有偏随机游走。我们表明,这意味着一个典型的轨迹在相空间中的每个粒子有“偏好”,是稳定的,在无限长的时间。在这些时间段内,粒子与某些粒子的碰撞更多,与其他粒子的碰撞更少。因此,这个粒子与其他粒子的碰撞有一个清晰可辨的模式,这是由它的初始位置和速度决定的。该效应也适用于具有任意短程相互作用的稀气体,允许实验测试。它是经典概率观测的机械对应物,即“在一个正常硬币的群体中,大多数必然是失调的”\cite{Feller}。

英文摘要:

We follow the time sequence of binary elastic collisions in a small collection of hard-core particles. Intervals between the collisions are characterized by the numbers of collisions of different pairs in a given time. It was shown previously that due to the ergodicity these numbers grow with time as a biased random walk. We show that this implies that for a typical trajectory in the phase space each particle has "preferences" that are stable during indefinitely long periods of time. During these periods the particle collides more with certain particles and less with others. Thus there is a clearly distinguishable pattern of collisions of the particle with other particles, as determined by its initial position and velocity. The effect holds also for the dilute gas with arbitrary short-range interactions allowing for experimental testing. It is the mechanical counterpart to the classical probabilistic observation that "in a population of normal coins the majority is necessarily maladjusted" \cite{Feller}.

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