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arXiv 1202.3645astro-ph.IMastro-ph.GA
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建立宇宙距离尺度:从依巴谷到盖亚

Building the cosmic distance scale: from Hipparcos to Gaia

Catherine Turon, Xavier Luri, Eduard Masana

摘要:

依巴谷是有史以来第一个全球天体测量实验,由欧空局于1989年发射,其结果于1997年发表(Perryman等人,太空人。太空人。323,L49,1997; Perryman & ESA(eds),The Hipparcos and Tycho catalogues,ESA SP-1200,1997)。后来使用改进的卫星姿态重建进行了新的简化,从而提高了对亮度超过9等的恒星的精度(van Leeuwen & Fantino,Astron. Astrophys. 439,791,2005; van Leeuwen,Astron. Astrophys. 474,653,2007)。依巴谷星表提供了非常精确的天体测量数据(位置、三角视差和自行)的扩展数据集,将距离测定和光度校准的数量和质量提高了两个数量级。超过20000颗恒星的三角视差已知优于10%的可用性开辟了道路,我们的三维知识的太阳邻域的大幅修订和更新的校准许多距离指标和年龄估计。计划于2013年6月发射的欧空局下一个基石盖亚开辟了前景(Perryman等人,太空人。太空人。369,339,2001),仍然是更戏剧性的:十亿对象与系统和准同步天体测量,分光光度和光谱观测,约1.5亿颗恒星的预期距离超过10%,遍布银河系。将直接测量大量的所有恒星距离指标,直接校准其光度,并有可能详细研究与化学元素丰度、年龄或星团成员有关的各种效应的影响。借助从DPAC开发的任务模拟器中获得的盖亚预期数据的模拟,我们将通过一些选定的例子说明盖亚可以提供什么。

英文摘要:

Hipparcos, the first ever experiment of global astrometry, was launched by ESA in 1989 and its results published in 1997 (Perryman et al., Astron. Astrophys. 323, L49, 1997; Perryman & ESA (eds), The Hipparcos and Tycho catalogues, ESA SP-1200, 1997). A new reduction was later performed using an improved satellite attitude reconstruction leading to an improved accuracy for stars brighter than 9th magnitude (van Leeuwen & Fantino, Astron. Astrophys. 439, 791, 2005; van Leeuwen, Astron. Astrophys. 474, 653, 2007). The Hipparcos Catalogue provided an extended dataset of very accurate astrometric data (positions, trigonometric parallaxes and proper motions), enlarging by two orders of magnitude the quantity and quality of distance determinations and luminosity calibrations. The availability of more than 20000 stars with a trigonometric parallax known to better than 10% opened the way to a drastic revision of our 3-D knowledge of the solar neighbourhood and to a renewal of the calibration of many distance indicators and age estimations. The prospects opened by Gaia, the next ESA cornerstone, planned for launch in June 2013 (Perryman et al., Astron. Astrophys. 369, 339, 2001), are still much more dramatic: a billion objects with systematic and quasi simultaneous astrometric, spectrophotometric and spectroscopic observations, about 150 million stars with expected distances to better than 10%, all over the Galaxy. All stellar distance indicators, in very large numbers, will be directly measured, providing a direct calibration of their luminosity and making possible detailed studies of the impacts of various effects linked to chemical element abundances, age or cluster membership. With the help of simulations of the data expected from Gaia, obtained from the mission simulator developed by DPAC, we will illustrate what Gaia can provide with some selected examples.

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