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arXiv 1202.2872astro-ph.GA
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星际阴离子化学的气体颗粒模型

Gas-grain models for interstellar anion chemistry

M. A. Cordiner, S. B Charnley

摘要:

最近发现长链烃阴离子CnH-(n=4,6,8)在各种星际云中大量存在。为了解释它们在密度更大的(星前/原恒星)环境中的大量存在,构建了新的化学模型,其中包括气体-颗粒相互作用。模型,包括吸积的气相物质到尘埃颗粒和宇宙射线诱导的原子解吸能够再现所观察到的阴离子到中性的比例,以及阴离子和中性碳链的绝对丰度,具有合理的准确度。由于氧原子的破坏性作用,氧原子在尘埃中的消耗导致高密度气体中多炔和阴离子的丰度显著增加(n_{H_2} >~ 10 ^5 cm^{-3})。因此,在L1527等原恒星的包层中观察到的大量含碳链物质可以在不需要热碳链化学的情况下得到解释。发现C6 H-阴离子与中性物的比率对原子O和H丰度和电子密度最敏感。因此,随着核心的演化,原子丰度的下降和电子密度的上升会导致阴离子与中性离子的比例增加。在高密度模型中包含原子的宇宙射线解吸延迟了冻结,这导致了更稳定的阴离子与中性比,与观测结果更一致。我们的模型包括氧原子和碳链阴离子之间的反应,以产生碳链氧化物物种C6 O,C7 O,HC 6 O和HC 7 O,其丰度取决于假设的分支比缔合电子脱离。

英文摘要:

Long-chain hydrocarbon anions CnH- (n=4, 6, 8) have recently been found to be abundant in a variety of interstellar clouds. In order to explain their large abundances in the denser (prestellar/protostellar) environments, new chemical models are constructed that include gas-grain interactions. Models including accretion of gas-phase species onto dust grains and cosmic-ray-induced desorption of atoms are able to reproduce the observed anion-to-neutral ratios, as well as the absolute abundances of anionic and neutral carbon chains, with a reasonable degree of accuracy. Due to their destructive effects, the depletion of oxygen atoms onto dust results in substantially greater polyyne and anion abundances in high-density gas (with n_{H_2} >~ 10^5 cm^{-3}). The large abundances of carbon-chain-bearing species observed in the envelopes of protostars such as L1527 can thus be explained without the need for warm carbon-chain chemistry. The C6H- anion-to-neutral ratio is found to be most sensitive to the atomic O and H abundances and the electron density. Therefore, as a core evolves, falling atomic abundances and rising electron densities are found to result in increasing anion-to-neutral ratios. Inclusion of cosmic-ray desorption of atoms in high-density models delays freeze-out, which results in a more temporally-stable anion-to-neutral ratio, in better agreement with observations. Our models include reactions between oxygen atoms and carbon-chain anions to produce carbon-chain-oxide species C6O, C7O, HC6O and HC7O, the abundances of which depend on the assumed branching ratios for associative electron detachment.

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