In this paper, first we obtain an explicit formula for an outer commutator multiplier of nilpotent products of cyclic groups with respect to the variety $[\mathfrak{N}_{c_1},\mathfrak{N}_{c_2}]$, $\mathfrak{N}_{c}M(\mathbb{Z}\st{n}* \mathbb{Z}\st{n}* ... \st{n}* \mathbb{Z}\st{n}* \mathbb{Z}_{r_1}\st{n}* \mathbb{Z}_{r_2}\st{n}* ... \st{n}* \mathbb{Z}_{r_t})$ where $r_{i+1}\mid r_i \ \ (1\leq i\leq t-1)$, $c_1+c_2+1\geq n$, $2c_2-c_1>2n-2$ and $(p,r_1)=1$ for all prime less than or equal $c_1+c_2+n$, second we give a necessary condition for these groups to be $[\mathfrak{N}_{c_1},\mathfrak{N}_{c_2}]$-capable.
Let G be a profinite group. The following results are proved. The commutator subgroup G' is finite if and only if G is covered by countably many abelian subgroups. The group G is finite-by-nilpotent if and only if G is covered by countably many nilpotent subgroups. The main result is that the commutator subgroup G' is finite-by-nilpotent if and only if the set of commutators in G is covered by countably many nilpotent subgroups.
In this paper, we determine the structure of the nilpotent multipliers of all pairs $(G,N)$ of finitely generated abelian groups where $N$ admits a complement in $G$. Moreover, some inequalities for the nilpotent multipliers of pairs of finite groups and their factor groups are given.
Let p be a prime number. We give the explicit structure of 2- nilpotent multiplier for each finite 2-generator p-group of class two. Moreover, 2-capable groups in that class are characterized.
The aim of this work is to find some exact sequences on the $c$- nilpotent multiplier of a group $G$. We also give an upper bound for the $c$- nilpotent multiplier of finite $p$-groups and give the explicit structure of groups whose take the upper bound. Finally, we will get the exact structure of the $c$- nilpotent multiplier and determine $c$-capable groups in the class of extra-special and generalized extra-special $p$-groups. It lets us to have a vast improvement over the last results on this topic.
In this paper we study the residual nilpotence of groups defined by basic commutators. We prove that the so-called Hydra groups as well as certain of their generalizations and quotients are, in the main, residually torsion-free nilpotent. By way of contrast we give an example of a group defined by two basic commutators which is not residually torsion-free nilpotent.
In this paper, using a result of J. Burns and G. Ellis (Math. Z. 226 (1997) 405-28.), we prove that the $c$-nilpotent multiplier (the Baer-invariant with respect to the variety of nilpotent groups of class at most $c$, ${\cal N}_c$.) {\it does commute} with the free product of cyclic groups of mutually coprime order.
There has been a great importance in understanding the nilpotent multipliers of finite groups in recent past. Let a group $G$ be presented as the quotient of a free group $F$ by a normal subgroup $R$. Given a positive integer $c$, the $c$-nilpotent multiplier of the group $G$ is the abelian group $\mathcal M^{(c)}(G)=(R\cap γ_{c+1}(F))/γ_{c+1}(R,F)$, where $γ_1(R,F)=R$, $γ_{c+1}(R,F)=[γ_c(R,F),F]$, and $γ_{c+1}(F)=γ_{c+1}(F,F)$. In particular, $\mathcal{M}^{(1)}(G)$ is the Schur multiplier of $G$. The crucial aspect of the research in to the $c$-nilpotent multipliers of groups includes either …
In this paper we present some inequalities for the order, the exponent, and the number of generators of the c-nilpotent multiplier (the Baer invariant with respect to the variety of nilpotent groups of class at most $c \geq 1$) of a powerful p-group. Our results extend some of Lubotzky and Mann$^{,}$s (Journal of Algebra, 105 (1987), 484-505.) to nilpotent multipliers. Also, we give some explicit examples showing the tightness of our results and improvement some of the previous inequalities.
The paper is devoted to finding a homomorphic image for the $c$-nilpotent multiplier of the verbal product of a family of groups with respect to a variety ${\mathcal V}$ when ${\mathcal V} \subseteq {\mathcal N}_{c}$ or ${\mathcal N}_{c}\subseteq {\mathcal V}$. Also a structure of the $c$-nilpotent multiplier of a special case of the verbal product, the nilpotent product, of cyclic groups is given. In fact, we present an explicit formula for the $c$-nilpotent multiplier of the $n$th nilpotent product of the group $G= {\bf {Z}}\stackrel{n}{*}...\stackrel{n}{*}{\bf {Z}}\stackrel{n}{*} {\bf {Z}}_…
We describe an algorithm for computing successive quotients of the Schur multiplier $M(G)$ for a group $G$ given by an invariant finite $L$-presentation. As application, we investigate the Schur multipliers of various self-similar groups such as the Grigorchuk super-group, the generalized Fabrykowski-Gupta groups, the Basilica group and the Brunner-Sidki-Vieira group.
In this paper, we are going to look at the $c$-nilpotent multiplier of a group $G$, ${\cal N}_cM(G)$, as a functor from the category of all groups, ${\cal G}roup$, to the category of all abelian groups, ${\cal A}b$, and focusing on some functional properties of it. In fact, by using some results of the first author and others and finding an explicit formula for the $c$-nilpotent multiplier of a finitely generated abelian group, we try to concentrate on the commutativity of the above functor with the two famous functors Ext and Tor.
In this paper we present some inequalities for the order, the exponent and the number of generators of the $c$-nilpotent multiplier (the Baer invariant with respect to the variety of nilpotent groups of class at most $c \geq 1$) of a finite group and specially of a finite $p$-group. Our results generalize some previous related results of M.R. Jones and M.R.R. Moghaddam. Also, we show that our results improve some of the previous inequalities.
Let $G$ be a finite $p$-group. We prove that whenever the commuting probability of $G$ is greater than $(2p^2 + p - 2)/p^5$, the unramified Brauer group of the field of $G$-invariant functions is trivial. Equivalently, all relations between commutators in $G$ are consequences of some universal ones. The bound is best possible, and gives a global lower bound of $1/4$ for all finite groups. The result is attained by describing the structure of groups whose Bogomolov multipliers are nontrivial, and Bogomolov multipliers of all of their proper subgroups and quotients are trivial. Applications incl…
In this paper, we present an explicit structure for the Baer invariant of a free nilpotent group (the $n$-th nilpotent product of the infinite cyclic group, $\textbf{Z}\st{n}* \textbf{Z}\st{n}*... \st{n}*\textbf{Z}$) with respect to the variety of polynilpotent groups of class row $(c,1)$, ${\cal N}_{c,1}$, for all $c > 2n-2$. In particular, an explicit structure of the Baer invariant of a free abelian group with respect to the variety of metabelian groups will be presented.
In this article, we present an explicit formula for the $c$th nilpotent multiplier (the Baer invariant with respect to the variety of nilpotent groups of class at most $c\geq 1$) of the $n$th nilpotent product of some cyclic groups $G={\mathbb {Z}}\stackrel{n}{*} ... \stackrel{n}{*}{\mathbb {Z}}\stackrel{n}{*} {\mathbb {Z}}_{r_1}\stackrel{n}{*} ... \stackrel{n}{*}{\mathbb{Z}}_{r_t}$, (m-copies of $\mathbb {Z}$), where $r_{i+1} | r_i$ for $1 \leq i \leq t-1$ and $c \geq n$ such that $ (p,r_1)=1$ for all primes $p$ less than or equal to $n$. Also, we compute the polynilpotent multiplier of the g…
Let $G$ be a finite $p$-group of order $p^n$. YA. G. Berkovich (Journal of Algebra {\bf 144}, 269-272 (1991)) proved that $G$ is elementary abelian $p$-group if and only if the order of its Schur multiplier, $M(G)$, is at the maximum case. In this paper, first we find the upper bound $p^{χ_{c+1}{(n)}}$ for the order the $c$-nilpotent multiplier of $G$, $M^{(c)}(G)$, where $χ_{c+1}{(i)}$ is the number of basic commutators of weight $c+1$ on $i$ letters. Second, we obtain the structure of $G$, in abelian case, where $|M^{(c)}(G)|=p^{χ_{c+1}{(n-t)}}$, for all $0\leq t\leq n-1$. Finally, by puttin…
This article is devoted to present an explicit formula for the $c$th nilpotent multiplier of nilpotent products of some cyclic groups $G={\bf {Z}}\stackrel{n_1}{*}{\bf {Z}}\stackrel{n_2}{*}...\stackrel{n_{t-1}}{*}{\bf {Z}}\stackrel{n_{t}}{*} {\bf {Z}}_{m_{t+1}}\stackrel{n_{t+1}}{*}{\bf {Z}}_{m_{t+2}}\stackrel{n_{t+2}}{*}...\stackrel{n_{k}}{*}{\bf{Z}}_{m_{k+1}}$, where $m_{i+1} | m_i$ for all $t+1 \leq i \leq k$ and $c \geq n_1\geq n_2\geq ...\geq n_t\geq ...\geq n_{k}$ such that $ (p,m_{t+1})=1$ for all prime $p \leq n_1$. Moreover, we compute the polynilpotent multiplier of the group $G$ with…
We describe an algorithm to compute the Schur multipliers of all nilpotent Lie $p$-rings in the family defined by a symbolic nilpotent Lie $p$-ring. Symbolic nilpotent Lie $p$-rings can be used to describe the isomorphism types of $p$-groups of order $p^n$ for $n \leq 7$ and all primes $p \geq n$. We apply our algorithm to compute the Schur multipliers of all $p$-groups of order dividing $p^6$.
For $G$ a finite group, let $d_2(G)$ denote the proportion of triples $(x, y, z) \in G^3$ such that $[x, y, z] = 1$. We determine the structure of finite groups $G$ such that $d_2(G)$ is bounded away from zero: if $d_2(G) \geq ε> 0$, $G$ has a class-4 nilpotent normal subgroup $H$ such that $[G : H] $ and $|γ_4(H)|$ are both bounded in terms of $ε$. We also show that if $G$ is an infinite group whose commutators have boundedly many conjugates, or indeed if $G$ satisfies a certain more general commutator covering condition, then $G$ is finite-by-class-3-nilpotent-by-finite.
We present an explicit structure for the Baer invariant of a finitely generated abelian group with respect to the variety $[\mathfrak{N}_{c_1},\mathfrak{N}_{c_2}]$, for all $c_2\leq c_1\leq 2c_2$. As a consequence we determine necessary and sufficient conditions for such groups to be $[\mathfrak{N}_{c_1},\mathfrak{N}_{c_2}]$-capable. We also show that if $c_1\neq 1\neq c_2$, then a finitely generated abelian group is $[\mathfrak{N}_{c_1},\mathfrak{N}_{c_2}]$-capable if and only if it is capable. Finally we show that $\mathfrak{S}_2$-capability implies capability but there is a finitely generat…
We classify finite-dimensional nilpotent Lie algebras with $2$-dimensional central commutator ideals admitting a Lie group of automorphisms isomorphic to $SO_2(\mathbb R)$. This enables one to enlarge the class of nilpotent Lie algebras of type {n,2}.
We prove that the nilpotent product of a set of groups $A_{1},\dots, A_{s}$ has finite palindromic width if and only if the palindromic widths of $A_{i}, i=1,\dots, s,$ are finite. We give a new proof that the commutator width of $F_n \wr K$ is infinite, where $F_n$ is a free group of rank $n \geq 2$ and $K$ a finite group. This result, combining with a result of Fink \cite{f1} gives examples of groups with infinite commutator width but finite palindromic width with respect to some generating set.
Let $G$ be a finite group with the property that if $a,b$ are powers of $δ_1^*$-commutators such that $(|a|,|b|)=1$, then $|ab|=|a||b|$. We show that $γ_{\infty}(G)$ is nilpotent.
We show that there exists an algorithm to decide any single equation in the Heisenberg group in finite time. The method works for all two-step nilpotent groups with rank-one commutator, which includes the higher Heisenberg groups. We also prove that the decision problem for systems of equations is unsolvable in all non-abelian free nilpotent groups.
We construct an ordered set of commutators in a partially commutative nilpotent group $F(X; Γ; \mathfrak N_m)$. This set allows us to define a canonical form for each element of $F(X; Γ; \mathfrak N_m)$. Namely, we construct a Maltsev basis for the group $F(X; Γ; \mathfrak N_m).$
We prove that the class of nilpotent by finite, solvable by finite, polycyclic by finite, nilpotent of nilpotency class $n$ and supersolvable groups are closed under the formation of the non-abelian tensor product. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for the non-abelian tensor product of finitely generated groups to be finitely generated. We prove that central extensions of most finite simple groups have trivial Bogomolov multiplier.
In this paper, using the topological interpretation of the Baer invariant of a group $G$, $\mathcal{V}M(G)$, with respect to an arbitrary variety $\mathcal{V}$, we extend a result of Burns and Ellis (Math. Z. 226 (1997) 405-428) on the second nilpotent multiplier of a free product of two groups to the $c$-nilpotent multipliers, for all $c\geq 1$. In particular, we show that $M^{(c)}(G\ast H)\cong M^{(c)}(G)\oplus M^{(c)}(H)$ when $G$ and $H$ are finite groups with some conditions or when $G$ and $H$ are two perfect groups.
In this article we show that if ${\cal V}$ is the variety of polynilpotent groups of class row $(c_1,c_2,...,c_s),\ {\mathcal N}_{c_1,c_2,...,c_s}$, and $G\cong{\bf {Z}}_{p^{α_1}}\stackrel{n}{*}{\bf {Z}}_{p^{α_2}}\stackrel{n}{*}...\stackrel{n}{*}{\bf{Z}}_{p^{α_t} }$ is the $n$th nilpotent product of some cyclic $p$-groups, where $c_1\geq n$, $α_1 \geq α_2 \geq...\geq α_t $ and $ (q,p)=1$ for all primes $q$ less than or equal to $n$, then $|{\mathcal N}_{c_1,c_2,...,c_s}M(G)|=p^{d_m}$ if and only if $G\cong{\bf {Z}}_{p}\stackrel{n}{*}{\bf {Z}}_{p}\stackrel{n}{*}...\stackrel{n}{*}{\bf{Z}}_{p }$ …
Let $G$ be an odd order nilpotent group with class 2 and $e$ denotes the exponent of its commutator subgroup. Let $e=p_1^{r_1}p_2^{r_2}... p_s^{r_s}$, where $p_i$'s are odd primes and $r_i$'s are non-negative integers. Then there are at least $r_1+r_2+... +r_s$ non-isomorphic nilpotent groups with class two and the order of each of the group is equal to the order of $G$.
Let m,n be positive integers, v a multilinear commutator word and w=v^m. We prove that if G is an orderable group in which all w-values are n-Engel, then the verbal subgroup v(G) is locally nilpotent. We also show that in the particular case where v=x the group G is nilpotent (rather than merely locally nilpotent).
We prove that if $G$ is a finite group, then the exponent of its Bogomolov multiplier divides the exponent of $G$ in the following four cases: (i) $G$ is metabelian, (ii) $\exp G=4$, (iii) $G$ is nilpotent of class $\le 5$, or (iv) $G$ is a $4$-Engel group.
For a group G and an element a in G let |a|_k denote the cardinality of the set of commutators [a,x_1,...,x_k], where x_1,...,x_k range over G. The main result of the paper states that a group G is finite-by-nilpotent if and only if there are positive integers k and n such that |x|_k < n for every x in G. More precisely, if |x|_k < n for every x in G then γ_{k+1}(G) has finite (k,n)-bounded order.
Let $G$ be a finite group. A coprime commutator in $G$ is any element that can be written as a commutator $[x,y]$ for suitable $x,y\in G$ such that $π(x)\capπ(y)=\emptyset$. Here $π(g)$ denotes the set of prime divisors of the order of the element $g\in G$. An anti-coprime commutator is an element that can be written as a commutator $[x,y]$, where $π(x)=π(y)$. The main results of the paper are as follows. -- If $|x^G|\leq n$ whenever $x$ is a coprime commutator, then $G$ has a nilpotent subgroup of $n$-bounded index. -- If $|x^G|\leq n$ for every anti-coprime commutator $x\in G$, then $G$ has …
A group G is called special p-group of rank k if the commutator subgroup [G,G] and centre Z(G) are equal, which is elementary abelian p-group of rank k and G/[G,G] is also elementary abelian p-group. In this article we determine the Schur multiplier of special p-groups of rank 2 explicitly.
Let $G$ be a finite soluble group and $G^{(k)}$ the $k$th term of the derived series of $G$. We prove that $G^{(k)}$ is nilpotent if and only if $|ab|=|a||b|$ for any $δ_k$-values $a,b\in G$ of coprime orders. In the course of the proof we establish the following result of independent interest: Let $P$ be a Sylow $p$-subgroup of $G$. Then $P\cap G^{(k)}$ is generated by $δ_k$-values contained in $P$. This is related to the so-called Focal Subgroup Theorem.
Let m, n be positive integers, v a multilinear commutator word and w = v^m. We prove that if G is a residually finite group in which all w-values are n-Engel, then the verbal subgroup w(G) is locally nilpotent. We also examine the question whether this is true in the case where G is locally graded rather than residually finite. We answer the question affirmatively in the case where m = 1. Moreover, we show that if u is a non-commutator word and G is a locally graded group in which all u-values are n-Engel, then the verbal subgroup u(G) is locally nilpotent.
Let $γ_n=[x_1,\dots,x_n]$ be the $n$th lower central word. Denote by $X_n$ the set of $γ_n$-values in a group $G$ and suppose that there is a number $m$ such that $|g^{X_n}|\leq m$ for each $g\in G$. We prove that $γ_{n+1}(G)$ has finite $(m,n)$-bounded order. This generalizes the much celebrated theorem of B. H. Neumann that says that the commutator subgroup of a BFC-group is finite.
W.Haebich (Bull. Austral. Math. Soc., 7, 1972, 279-296) presented a formula for the Schur multiplier of a regular product of groups. In this paper first, it is shown that the Baer-invariant of a nilpotent product of groups with respect to the variety of nilpotent groups has a homomorphic image and in finite case a subgroup of Haebich's type. Second a formula will be presented for the Baer-invariant of a nilpotent product of cyclic groups with respect to the variety of nilpotent groups.
A group $G$ is said to have restricted centralizers if for each $g \in G$ the centralizer $C_G(g)$ either is finite or has finite index in $G$. Shalev showed that a profinite group with restricted centralizers is virtually abelian. We take interest in profinite groups with restricted centralizers of uniform commutators, that is, elements of the form $[x_1,\dots,x_k]$, where $π(x_1)=π(x_2)=\dots=π(x_k)$. Here $π(x)$ denotes the set of prime divisors of the order of $x\in G$. It is shown that such a group necessarily has an open nilpotent subgroup. We use this result to deduce that $γ_k(G)$ is f…
Let $w$ be a group-word. Suppose that the set of all $w$-values in a profinite group $G$ is contained in a union of countably many subgroups. It is natural to ask in what way the structure of the verbal subgroup $w(G)$ depends on the properties of the covering subgroups. The present article is a survey of recent results related to that question. In particular we survey results on finite and countable coverings of word-values (mostly commutators) by procyclic, abelian, nilpotent, and soluble subgroups, as well as subgroups with finiteness conditions. The last section of the paper is devoted to …
A combing is a set of normal forms for a finitely generated group. This article investigates the language-theoretic and geometric properties of combings for nilpotent and polycyclic groups. It is shown that a finitely generated class 2 nilpotent group with cyclic commutator subgroup is real-time combable, as are also all 2 or 3-generated class 2 nilpotent groups, and groups in certain families of nilpotent groups, e.g. the finitely generated Heisenberg groups, groups of unipotent matrices over the integers and the free class 2 nilpotent groups. Further it is shown that any polycyclic-by-finite…
We present an explicit structure for the Baer invariant of a free $n$th nilpotent group (the $n$th nilpotent product of infinite cyclic groups, $\textbf{Z}\st{n}* \textbf{Z}\st{n}*...\st{n}*\textbf{Z}$) with respect to the variety ${\cal V}$ with the set of words $V=\{[\ga_{c_1+1},\ga_{c_2+1}]\}$, for all $c_1\geq c_2$ and $2c_2-c_1>2n-2$. Also, an explicit formula for the polynilpotent multiplier of a free $n$th nilpotent group is given for any class row $(c_1,c_2,...,c_t)$, where $c_1\geq n$.
It is proved that the derived subgroup of a finite group is nilpotent if and only if $|ab|\ge |a||b|$ for all primary commutators $a$ and $b$ of coprime orders.
Let $G$ be a finite group admitting a coprime automorphism $α$. Let $J_G(α)$ denote the set of all commutators $[x,α]$, where $x$ belongs to an $α$-invariant Sylow subgroup of $G$. We show that $[G,α]$ is soluble or nilpotent if and only if any subgroup generated by a pair of elements of coprime orders from the set $J_G(α)$ is soluble or nilpotent, respectively.
A longstanding problem attributed to I. Schur says that for a finite group $G$, the exponent of the second homology group $H_2(G, \mathbb{Z})$ divides the exponent of $G$. In this paper, we prove this conjecture for finite nilpotent groups of odd exponent and of nilpotency class 5, $p$-central metabelian $p$ groups, and groups considered by L. E . Wilson in \cite{LEW}. Moreover, we improve several bounds given by various authors.
Let $G$ be a $p$-group of maximal class and order $p^n$. We determine whether or not the Bogomolov multiplier $B_0(G)$ is trivial in terms of the lower central series of $G$ and $P_1 = C_G(γ_2(G) / γ_4(G))$. If in addition $G$ has positive degree of commutativity and $P_1$ is metabelian, we show how understanding $B_0(G)$ reduces to the simpler commutator structure of $P_1$. This result covers all $p$-groups of maximal class of large enough order and, furthermore, it allows us to give the first natural family of $p$-groups containing an abundance of groups with nontrivial Bogomolov multipliers…
Every finite non-nilpotent group can be extended by a term operation such that solving equations in the resulting algebra is NP-complete and checking identities is co-NP-complete. This result was firstly proven by Horváth and Szabó; the term constructed in their proof depends on the underlying group. In this paper we provide a uniform term extension that induces hardness. In doing so we also characterize a big class of solvable, non-nilpotent groups for which extending by the commutator operation suffices.
The notion of almost centralizer and almost commutator are introduced and basic properties are established. They are used to study $\widetilde{\mathfrak M}\_c$-groups, i. e.groups for which every descending chain of centralizers each having infinite index in its predecessor stabilizes after finitely many steps. The Fitting subgroup of such groups is shown to be nilpotent and a theorem of Hall for nilpotent groups is generalized to ind-definable almost nilpotent subgroups of $\widetilde{\mathfrak M}\_c$-groups.
We prove that the $k$th term of the lower central series of a finite group $G$ is nilpotent if and only if $|ab|=|a||b|$ for any $γ_k$-commutators $a,b\in G$ of coprime orders.
