Location information is the major component in location based applications. This information is used in different safety and service oriented applications to provide users with services according to their Geolocation. There are many approaches to locate mobile nodes in indoor and outdoor environments. In this paper, we are interested in outdoor localization particularly in cellular networks of mobile nodes and presented a localization method based on cell and user location information. Our localization method is based on hello message delay (sending and receiving time) and coordinate information of Base Transceiver Station (BTSs). To validate our method across cellular network, we implemented and simulated our method in two scenarios i.e. maintaining database of base stations in centralize and distributed system. Simulation results show the effectiveness of our approach and its implementation applicability in telecommunication systems.
Future wireless networks are expected to provide high bandwidth multimedia services in extended areas with homogeneous Quality of Service (QoS) levels. Conventional cellular architectures might not be able to satisfy these requirements due to the effect of surrounding obstacles and the signal attenuation with distance, in particular under Non Line of Sight (NLOS) propagation conditions. Recent studies have investigated the potential of Multi-hop Cellular Networks (MCNs) to overcome the traditional cellular architecture limitations through the integration of cellular and ad-hoc networking techn…
To improve capacity and overcome some of the limitations of cellular wireless networks, drones with aerial base stations can be deployed to assist the terrestrial cellular wireless networks. The mobility of drones allows flexible network reconfiguration to adapt to dynamic traffic and channel conditions. However, this is achieved at the expense of more handovers since even a static user may experience a handover when the drones are mobile. In this letter, we provide an exact analysis of the handover rate and sojourn time (time between two subsequent handovers) for a network of drone base stati…
Mobile edge computing (MEC) has attracted great interests as a promising approach to augment computational capabilities of mobile devices. An important issue in the MEC paradigm is computation offloading. In this paper, we propose an integrated framework for computation offloading and interference management in wireless cellular networks with mobile edge computing. In this integrated framework, the MEC server makes the offloading decision according to the local computation overhead estimated by all user equipments (UEs) and the offloading overhead estimated by the MEC server itself. Then, the …
As an alternative to downloading content from a cellular access network, mobile devices could be used to store data files and distribute them through device-to-device (D2D) communication. We consider a D2D-based storage community that is comprised of mobile users. Assuming that transmitting data from a base station to a mobile user consumes more energy than transmitting data between two mobile users, we show that it can be beneficial to use redundant storage to ensure that data files stay available to the community even if some of the storing users leave the network. We derive a tractable clos…
Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) is a cellular network that is popular and has been growing in recent years. It was developed to solve fragmentation issues of the first cellular system, and it addresses digital modulation methods, level of the network structure, and services. It is fundamental for organizations to become learning organizations to keep up with the technology changes for network services to be at a competitive level. A simulation analysis using the NetSim tool in this paper is presented for comparing different cellular network codecs for GSM network performance. The…
The increasing popularity of applications such as video streaming in today's mobile devices introduces higher demand for throughput, and puts a strain especially on cellular links. Cooperation among mobile devices by exploiting both cellular and local area connections is a promising approach to meet the increasing demand. In this paper, we consider that a group of cooperative mobile devices, exploiting both cellular and local area links and within proximity of each other, are interested in the same video content. Traditional network control algorithms introduce high overhead and delay in this …
Understanding mobile traffic patterns of large scale cellular towers in urban environment is extremely valuable for Internet service providers, mobile users, and government managers of modern metropolis. This paper aims at extracting and modeling the traffic patterns of large scale towers deployed in a metropolitan city. To achieve this goal, we need to address several challenges, including lack of appropriate tools for processing large scale traffic measurement data, unknown traffic patterns, as well as handling complicated factors of urban ecology and human behaviors that affect traffic patt…
The volume and types of traffic data in mobile cellular networks have been increasing continuously. Meanwhile, traffic data change dynamically in several dimensions such as time and space. Thus, traffic modeling is essential for theoretical analysis and energy efficient design of future ultra-dense cellular networks. In this paper, the authors try to build a tractable and accurate model to describe the traffic variation pattern for a single base station in real cellular networks. Firstly a sinusoid superposition model is proposed for describing the temporal traffic variation of multiple base s…
Technological developments alongside VLSI achievements enable mobile devices to be equipped with multiple radio interfaces which is known as multihoming. On the other hand, the combination of various wireless access technologies, known as Next Generation Wireless Networks (NGWNs) has been introduced to provide continuous connection to mobile devices in any time and location. Cognitive radio networks as a part of NGWNs aroused to overcome spectrum inefficiency and spectrum scarcity issues. In order to provide seamless and ubiquitous connection across heterogeneous wireless access networks in th…
We consider location-dependent opportunistic bandwidth sharing between static and mobile downlink users in a cellular network. Each cell has some fixed number of static users. Mobile users enter the cell, move inside the cell for some time and then leave the cell. In order to provide higher data rate to mobile users, we propose to provide higher bandwidth to the mobile users at favourable times and locations, and provide higher bandwidth to the static users in other times. We formulate the problem as a long run average reward Markov decision process (MDP) where the per-step reward is a linear …
This paper presents cniCloud, a cloud-based platform for mobile devices to share and query the fine-grained cellular information at scale. cniCloud extends the single-device cellular analytics via crowdsourcing: It collects the fine-grained cellular network data from massive mobile devices, aggregates them in a cloud-based database, and provides interfaces for end users to run an SQL-like query over the cellular data. It offers efficient and responsive processing by optimizing the database storage and adopting the domain-specific optimizations. Our preliminary deployments and experiments valid…
Ever since the inception of mobile telephony, the downlink and uplink of cellular networks have been coupled, i.e. mobile terminals have been constrained to associate with the same base station (BS) in both the downlink and uplink directions. New trends in network densification and mobile data usage increase the drawbacks of this constraint, and suggest that it should be revisited. In this paper we identify and explain five key arguments in favor of Downlink/Uplink Decoupling (DUDe) based on a blend of theoretical, experimental, and logical arguments. We then overview the changes needed in cur…
The emerging technologies related to mobile data especially CDR data has great potential for mobility and transportation applications. However, it presents some challenges due to its spatio-temporal characteristics and sparseness. Therefore, in this article, we introduced a new model to refine the positioning accuracy of mobile devices using only CDR data and coverage areas locations. The adopted method has three steps: first, we discovered which model of movement (Move, Stay) is associated with the coverage areas where the mobile device was connected using a Kalman filter. Then, simultaneousl…
Handoff decisions are usually signal strength based because of simplicity and effectiveness. Apart from the conventional techniques, such as threshold and hysteresis based schemes, recently many artificial intelligent techniques such as Fuzzy Logic, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) etc. are also used for taking handoff decision. In this paper, an Artificial Neural Network based handoff algorithm is proposed and its performance is studied. We have used ANN here for taking fast and accurate handoff decision. In our proposed handoff algorithm, Backpropagation Neural Network model is used.The advan…
During the past few decades wireless technology has seen a tremendous growth. The recent introduction of high-end mobile devices has further increased subscriber's demand for high bandwidth. Current cellular systems require manual configuration and management of networks, which is now costly, time consuming and error prone due to exponentially increasing rate of mobile users and nodes. This leads to introduction of self organizing capabilities for network management with minimum human involvement. It is expected to permit higher end user Quality of Service (QoS) along with less operational and…
Rural areas continue to be plagued by limited data connectivity due to poor and unreliable power infrastructure, poor backhaul connectivity and lack of economic incentives for telecom providers. These factors continue to be an impediment to providing reliable, highly available and bandwidth intensive mobile services and applications to function well in such contexts. This paper presents the design, implementation and deployment of GreenLinks, a new ground-up platform that enables intermittency-aware, reliable and available cellular services and application support in rural contexts under extre…
Most cellular network communication strategies are focused on data traffic scenarios rather than energy balance and efficient utilization. Thus mobile users in hot cells may suffer from low throughput due to energy loading imbalance problem. In state of art cellular network technologies, relay stations extend cell coverage and enhance signal strength for mobile users. However, busy traffic makes the relay stations in hot area run out of energy quickly. In this paper, we propose an energy balancing strategy in which the mobile nodes are able to dynamically select and hand over to the relay stat…
The performance of a cellular network can be significantly improved by employing many base stations (BSs), which shortens transmission distances. However, there exist no known results on quantifying the performance gains from deploying many BSs. To address this issue, we adopt a stochastic-geometry model of the downlink cellular network and analyze the mobile outage probability. Specifically, given Poisson distributed BSs, the outage probability is shown to diminish inversely with the increasing ratio between the BS and mobile densities. Furthermore, we analyze the optimal tradeoff between the…
Since the last few years there has been a phenomenal growth in the wireless industry. Widespread wireless technologies, increasing variety of user-friendly and multimedia- enabled terminals and wider availability of open source tools for content generation has lead encouraged user-centric networks resulting in a need for efficient network design. The objective of this paper is comprehensive study related to 5G technology of mobile communication. Existing research work in mobile communication is related to 5G technology. The major contribution of this study is the key provisions of 5G (Fifth Ge…
Currently, tens of millions of devices around the world communicate with/ each other via cellular networks. In this paper, we study the stability of network content delivery protocols to the effects of network interference. To conduct the research, a tool was developed that allows testing of protocols, such as TCP, UDP, and QUIC. The analysis and comparison of the obtained test results were carried out. In the conclusion, the best protocols for content delivery were shown
A ubiquitous outdoor localization system that is easy to deploy and works equally well for all mobile devices is highly-desirable. The GPS, despite its high accuracy, cannot be reliably used for this purpose since it is not available on low-end phones nor in areas with low satellite coverage. The application of classical fingerprinting approaches, on the other hand, is prohibited by excessive maintenance and deployment costs. In this paper, we propose Crescendo, a cellular network-based outdoor localization system that does not require calibration or infrastructure support. Crescendo builds on…
With the commercial launch of 5G technologies and fast pace of expansion of cellular network infrastructure, it is expected that cellular and mobile networks traffic will exponentially increase. In addition, new services are expected to spread widely, such as the Internet of Things connected to mobile networks. This will add additional burden in terms of traffic load. As a result, some studies suggest that mobile traffic may increase more than 1000 times compared to the amount of traffic that is generated nowadays. This means that network resources for mobile services must be managed and contr…
This paper investigates the use of WiFi and mobile device-to-device networks, with vehicular ad hoc networks being a typical example, as a complementary means to offload and reduce the traffic load of cellular networks. A novel cooperative content dissemination strategy is proposed for a heterogeneous network consisting of different types of devices with different levels of mobility, ranging from static WiFi access points to mobile devices such as vehicles. The proposed strategy offloads a significant proportion of data traffic from cellular networks to WiFi or device-to-device networks. Detai…
Localization in wireless sensor networks not only provides a node with its geographical location but also a basic requirement for other applications such as geographical routing. Although a rich literature is available for localization in static WSN, not enough work is done for mobile WSNs, owing to the complexity due to node mobility. Most of the existing techniques for localization in mobile WSNs uses Monte-Carlo localization, which is not only time-consuming but also memory intensive. They, consider either the unknown nodes or anchor nodes to be static. In this paper, we propose a technique…
We present PCach, a smartphone-based approach for relieving the congestion in cellular network resulting from the exponential growth in mobile data traffic. The basic idea underlying PCach is simple: use WiFi to proactively cache content on the smartphone's memory, which otherwise would have been delivered through the cellular network. However, it leads to several challenging questions, including how much mobile data actually flows through cellular networks, how much data can be pre-cached, and when and what to pre-cache. We address these questions progressively using a thorough analysis of us…
Mobility management and bandwidth management are two major research issues in a cellular mobile network. Mobility management consists of two basic components: location management and handoff management. To Provide QoS to the users Handoff is a key element in wireless cellular networks. It is often initiated either by crossing a cell boundary or by deterioration in the quality of signal in the current channel. In this paper, a new admission control policy for cellular mobile network is being proposed. Two important QoS parameter in cellular networks are Call Dropping Probability (CDP) and Hando…
The ability of a sensor node to determine its physical location within a network (Localization) is of fundamental importance in sensor networks. Interpretating data from sensors will not be possible unless the context of the data is known; this is most often accomplished by tracking its physical location. Existing research has focused on localization in static sensor networks where localization is a one-time (or low frequency) activity. In contrast, this paper considers localization for mobile sensors: when sensors are mobile, localization must be invoked periodically to enable the sensors to …
Accurate localization for mobile nodes has been an important and fundamental problem in underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs). The detection information returned from a mobile node is meaningful only if its location is known. In this paper, we propose two localization algorithms based on color filtering technology called PCFL and ACFL. PCFL and ACFL aim at collaboratively accomplishing accurate localization of underwater mobile nodes with minimum energy expenditure. They both adopt the overlapping signal region of task anchors which can communicate with the mobile node directly as the cu…
We present and evaluate a procedure that utilizes mobility and throughput prediction to prefetch video streaming data in integrated cellular and WiFi networks. The effective integration of such heterogeneous wireless technologies will be significant for supporting high performance and energy efficient video streaming in ubiquitous networking environments. Our evaluation is based on trace-driven simulation considering empirical measurements and shows how various system parameters influence the performance, in terms of the number of paused video frames and the energy consumption; these parameter…
This paper presents a new approach in the management of mobile ad hoc networks. Our alternative, based on mobile agent technology, allows the design of mobile centralized server in ad hoc network, where it is not obvious to think about a centralized management, due to the absence of any administration or fixed infrastructure in these networks. The aim of this centralized approach is to provide permanent availability of services in ad hoc networks which are characterized by a distributed management. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach, we apply it to solve the problem …
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are groups of spatially distributed and dedicated autonomous sensors for monitoring (and recording) the physical conditions of the environment (and organizing the collected data at a central location). They have been a topic of interest due to their versatility and diverse capabilities despite having simple sensors measuring local quantities such as temperature, pH, or pressure. We delve into understanding how such networks can be utilized for localization, and propose a technique for improving conditions of living for animals and humans on the IIT Bombay campus…
The number of connected Internet of Things (IoT) devices within cyber-physical infrastructure systems grows at an increasing rate. This poses significant device management and security challenges to current IoT networks. Among several approaches to cope with these challenges, data-based methods rooted in deep learning (DL) are receiving an increased interest. In this paper, motivated by the upcoming surge of 5G IoT connectivity in industrial environments, we propose to integrate a DL-based anomaly detection (AD) as a service into the 3GPP mobile cellular IoT architecture. The proposed architec…
As mobile IP-access is becoming the dominant technology for providing wireless services, the demand for more spectrum for this type of access is increasing rapidly. Since IP-access can be used for all types of services, instead of a plethora of dedicated, single-service systems, there is a significant potential to make spectrum use more efficient. In this paper, the feasibility and potential benefit of replacing the current terrestrial UHF TV broadcasting system with a mobile, cellular data (IP-) network is analyzed. In the cellular network, TV content would be provided as {one} of the service…
With the recent explosion in mobile data, the energy consumption and carbon footprint of the mobile communications industry is rapidly increasing. It is critical to develop more energy-efficient systems in order to reduce the potential harmful effects to the environment. One potential strategy is to switch off some of the under-utilized base stations during off-peak hours. In this paper, we propose a binary Social Spider Algorithm to give guidelines for selecting base stations to switch off. In our implementation, we use a penalty function to formulate the problem and manage to bypass the larg…
In cellular wireless networks, user association refers to the problem of assigning mobile users to base station cells -- a critical, but challenging, problem in many emerging small cell and heterogeneous networks. This paper considers a general class of utility maximization problems for joint optimization of mobile user associations and bandwidth and power allocations. The formulation can incorporate a large class of network topologies, interference models, SNR-to-rate mappings and network constraints. In addition, the model can applied in carrier aggregation scenarios where mobiles can be ser…
In contrast to the classic fashion for designing distributed end-to-end (e2e) TCP schemes for cellular networks (CN), we explore another design space by having the CN assist the task of the transport control. We show that in the emerging cellular architectures such as mobile/multi-access edge computing (MEC), where the servers are located close to the radio access network (RAN), significant improvements can be achieved by leveraging the nature of the logically centralized network measurements at the RAN and passing information such as its minimum e2e delay and access link capacity to each serv…
Accurate and highly-granular channel capacity telemetry of the cellular last hop is crucial for the effective operation of transport layer protocols and cutting-edge applications, such as video on demand and videotelephony. This paper presents the design, implementation, and experimental performance evaluation of NG-Scope, the first such telemetry tool able to fuse physical-layer channel occupancy readings from the cellular control channel with higher-layer packet arrival statistics and make accurate capacity estimates. NG-Scope handles the latest cellular innovations, such as when multiple ba…
For mobile devices, communication via cellular networks consumes more energy, and has a lower data rate than WiFi networks, and suffers an expensive limited data plan. However the WiFi network coverage range and density are smaller than those of the cellular networks. In this work, we present a behavior-aware and preference-based approach to prefetch news webpages that a user will be interested in and access, by exploiting the WiFi network connections to reduce the energy and monetary cost. In our solution, we first design an efficient preference learning algorithm based on keywords and URLs v…
IEEE 802.16m amends the IEEE 802.16 Wireless MAN-OFDMA specification to provide an advanced air interface for operation in licenced bands. It will meet the cellular layer requirements of IMT-Advanced next generation mobile networks. It will be designed to provide significantly improved performance compared to other high rate broadband cellular network systems. For the next generation mobile networks, it is important to consider increasing peak, sustained data reates, corresponding spectral efficiencies, system capacity and cell coverage as well as decreasing latency and providing QoS while car…
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are expected to play an important role in next generation cellular networks, acting as flying infrastructure which can serve ground users when regular infrastructure is overloaded or unavailable. As these devices are expected to operate wirelessly they will rely on an internal battery for their power supply, which will limit the amount of time they can operate over an area of interest before having to recharge. In this article, we outline three battery charging options that may be considered by a network operator and use simulations to demonstrate the performanc…
In small cell networks, high mobility of users results in frequent handoff and thus severely restricts the data rate for mobile users. To alleviate this problem, we propose to use heterogeneous, two-tier network structure where static users are served by both macro and micro base stations, whereas the mobile (i.e., moving) users are served only by macro base stations having larger cells; the idea is to prevent frequent data outage for mobile users due to handoff. We use the classical two-tier Poisson network model with different transmit powers (cf [1]), assume independent Poisson process of s…
Merging Mobile Edge Computing (MEC), which is an emerging paradigm to meet the increasing computation demands from mobile devices, with the dense deployment of Base Stations (BSs), is foreseen as a key step towards the next generation mobile networks. However, new challenges arise for designing energy efficient networks since radio access resources and computing resources of BSs have to be jointly managed, and yet they are complexly coupled with traffic in both spatial and temporal domains. In this paper, we address the challenge of incorporating MEC into dense cellular networks, and propose a…
With the formidable growth of various booming wireless communication services that require ever-increasing data throughputs, the conventional microwave band below 10 GHz, which is currently used by almost all mobile communication systems, is going to reach its saturation point within just a few years. Therefore, the attention of radio system designers has been pushed towards ever-higher segments of the frequency spectrum in a quest for capacity increase. In this article, we investigate the feasibility, advantages and challenges of future wireless communications over the E-band frequencies. We …
Utilizing device-to-device (D2D) connections among mobile devices is promising to meet the increasing throughput demand over cellular links. In particular, when mobile devices are in close proximity of each other and are interested in the same content, D2D connections such as Wi-Fi Direct can be opportunistically used to construct a cooperative (and jointly operating) cellular and D2D networking system. However, it is crucial to understand, quantify, and exploit the potential of network coding for cooperating mobile devices in the joint cellular and D2D setup. In this paper, we consider this p…
In recent years, video-related services such as YouTube and Netflix have generated huge amounts of traffic and the network neutrality debate has emerged as a major issue. In this paper, we consider feasibility of using a hybrid of unicast and broadcast in cellular networks for high-traffic services (e.g., video streaming), from the perspective of cost effectiveness. To reflect spatial characteristics of base stations (BSs) and mobile users (MUs), we use the stochastic geometry approach where BSs and MUs are modeled as independent homogeneous Poisson point processes (PPPs). With these assumptio…
In this paper, we present PCNM, a new mobile platform for cellular networks measurements. PCNM is based on a set of techniques that tailors theoretical calculations and simulations to the real cellular network environment. It includes: (a) modules that measure different parameters of a base station (BS) such as localization, cells identification, time advance information, reception level and quality, (b) a new protocol that optimizes the task of network measurement by monitoring a set of mobile nodes and finally (c) the ability to extend an existing cellular network by adding new base stations…
Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) are evolving towards becoming data-driven, while delivering capacity to collect and analyze data. This can help in enhancing user experiences while empowering the operation workforce and building new business models. Mobile traffic demands of users can give insights to MNOs to plan, decide and act depending on network conditions. In this paper, we investigate the behaviour of Istanbul residents using the cellular network traffic activity over spatial and temporal dimensions via exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using a major MNO's cellular network traffic data i…
In this paper, we introduce a novel approach for optimal resource allocation with frequency reuse for users with elastic and inelastic traffic in cellular networks. In our model, we represent users' applications running on different user equipments (UE)s by logarithmic and sigmoid utility functions. We applied utility proportional fairness allocation policy, i.e. the resources are allocated among users with fairness in utility percentage of the application running on each mobile station. Our objective is to allocate the cellular system resources to mobile users optimally from a multi-cell netw…
In this letter, we present a new metric for characterizing the geometric conditions encountered in cellular positioning based on the angular spread of the base stations (BSs). The metric is shown to be closely related to the geometric-dilution-of-precision (GDOP), yet has the benefit of being characterizable in terms of the network parameters for BS layouts modeled according to a Poisson point process (PPP). As an additional benefit, the metric is shown to immediately yield a device's probability of being inside or outside the convex hull of the BSs, which localization researchers will widely-…
Millimeter-wave (mmWave) propagation is known to be severely affected by the blockage of the line-of-sight (LoS) path. In contrast to microwave systems, at shorter mmWave wavelengths such blockage can be caused by human bodies, where their mobility within environment makes wireless channel alternate between the blocked and non-blocked LoS states. Following the recent 3GPP requirements on modeling the dynamic blockage as well as the temporal consistency of the channel at mmWave frequencies, in this paper a new model for predicting the state of a user in the presence of mobile blockers for repre…
Localization is one of the most important factor in wireless sensor networks as many applications demand position information of sensors. Recently there is an increasing interest on the use of mobile anchors for localizing sensors. Most of the works available in the literature either looks into the aspect of reducing path length of mobile anchor or tries to increase localization accuracy. The challenge is to design a movement strategy for a mobile anchor that reduces path length while meeting the requirements of a good range-free localization technique. In this paper we propose two cost-effect…
Cooperation among mobile devices and utilizing multiple interfaces such as cellular and local area links simultaneously are promising to meet the increasing throughput demand over cellular links. In particular, when mobile devices are in the close proximity of each other and are interested in the same content, device-to-device connections such as WiFi-Direct, in addition to cellular links, can be utilized to construct a cooperative system. However, it is crucial to understand the potential of network coding for cooperating mobile devices with multiple interfaces. In this paper, we consider thi…
We consider stochastic cellular networks where base stations locations form a homogenous Poisson point process and each mobile is attached to the base station that provides the best mean signal power. The mobile is in outage if the SINR falls below some threshold. The handover decision has to be made if the mobile is in outage for some time slots. The outage probability and the handover probability is evaluated in taking into account the effect of path loss, shadowing, Rayleigh fast fading, frequency factor reuse and conventional beamforming. The main assumption is that the Rayleigh fast fadin…
Cellular networks are one of the corner stones of our information-driven society. However, existing cellular systems have been seriously challenged by the explosion of mobile data traffic, the emergence of machine-type communications and the flourish of mobile Internet services. In this article, we propose CONCERT (CONvergence of Cloud and cEllulaR sysTems), a converged edge infrastructure for future cellular communications and mobile computing services. The proposed architecture is constructed based on the concept of control/data (C/D) plane decoupling. The data plane includes heterogeneous p…
Mobile users in an ultra-dense millimeter-wave cellular network experience handover events more frequently than in conventional networks, which results in increased service interruption time and performance degradation due to blockages. Multi-connectivity has been proposed to resolve this, and it also extends the coverage of millimeter-wave communications. In this paper, we propose a dual-connection based handover scheme for mobile UEs in an environment where they are connected simultaneously with two millimeter-wave cells to overcome frequent handover problems. This scheme allows a mobile UE …
