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arXiv 1111.5357cs.DMcs.DScs.FL
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有向图复杂性度量及其在形式语言理论中的应用

Digraph Complexity Measures and Applications in Formal Language Theory

Hermann Gruber

摘要:

我们研究了有向图的结构复杂性测度,特别是圈秩。这一概念与形式语言理论中的一个经典话题,即正则语言的星高密切相关。我们探索这种联系,并获得几个新的算法的见解,无论是周期排名和明星的高度。在其他结果中,我们表明,计算循环秩是NP-完全的,即使是最大出度为2的稀疏有向图。尽管如此,我们提供了一个多项式时间的近似算法和指数时间精确算法这个问题。前一个算法在多项式时间内得到O((log n)^(3/2))-近似,而后者得到最优解,并且在最大出度不超过2的有向图上在时间和空间上运行O*(1.9129^n)。关于星高问题,我们确定了一个子类的正则语言,我们可以精确地确定的计算复杂性的星高问题。也就是说,双确定性语言的星高问题是NP完全的,这已经适用于二进制字母表。然后,我们翻译的算法结果有关的周期秩的双确定性的星高问题,从而给出了多项式时间的近似,以及一个合理的快速精确的指数算法的双确定性的星高。

英文摘要:

We investigate structural complexity measures on digraphs, in particular the cycle rank. This concept is intimately related to a classical topic in formal language theory, namely the star height of regular languages. We explore this connection, and obtain several new algorithmic insights regarding both cycle rank and star height. Among other results, we show that computing the cycle rank is NP-complete, even for sparse digraphs of maximum outdegree 2. Notwithstanding, we provide both a polynomial-time approximation algorithm and an exponential-time exact algorithm for this problem. The former algorithm yields an O((log n)^(3/2))- approximation in polynomial time, whereas the latter yields the optimum solution, and runs in time and space O*(1.9129^n) on digraphs of maximum outdegree at most two. Regarding the star height problem, we identify a subclass of the regular languages for which we can precisely determine the computational complexity of the star height problem. Namely, the star height problem for bideterministic languages is NP-complete, and this holds already for binary alphabets. Then we translate the algorithmic results concerning cycle rank to the bideterministic star height problem, thus giving a polynomial-time approximation as well as a reasonably fast exact exponential algorithm for bideterministic star height.

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