伊朗历法的发展：历史和天文学基础
The development of Iranian calendar: historical and astronomical foundations
摘要：
伊朗的官方历法是阳历，其长度和一年的第一天都不是基于惯例，而是基于两个自然（即天文学）因素：a）太阳中心和春分点在太阳绕地球公转期间的重合时刻; b）太阳中心连续两次明显通过该点之间的时间长度。这些因素使这个日历有机会：1）它的开始是自然太阳年的开始，2）它的长度是太阳年的长度，3）它的月份的长度非常接近太阳穿过十二星座从Farvardin/白羊座到Esfand/双鱼座的时间。本文将表明：a）关于这些事实的讨论有其自己的历史背景，b）最新的计算，是基于选择回归年（即365.24219879天）作为日历年的长度，给出了最好的插入与其特定的闰年系统。因此，根据历史文献、天文数据和数学计算，我们建立了具有最高精度的伊朗历法，这使它在所有历法中具有独特的示范性地位。
英文摘要：
The official Iranian calendar is a solar one that in both the length and the first day of its year is based not on convention, but on two natural (i.e. astronomical) factors: a) the moment of coincidence of the centre of the Sun and the vernal equinox during the Sun's apparent revolution around the Earth; and b) the time length between two successive apparent passages of the Sun's center across that point. These factors give this calendar the chance that 1) its beginning is the beginning of natural solar year, 2) its length is the length of solar year, and 3) the length of its months is very close to the time of the Sun's passage across twelve signs of the Zodiac from Farvardin/Aries to Esfand/Pisces. In this paper it would be shown that a) discussions concerning these facts have their own historical backgrounds, and b) up-to-date computations, being based on choosing the tropical year (i.e. 365.24219879 days) as the length of the calendar year, give the best possible intercalation with its specific system of leap years. Thus, on the grounds of historical documents, astronomical data, and mathematical calculations, we establish the Iranian calendar with the highest possible accuracy, which gives it the unique exemplary place among all calendars.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
