《马利克沙天文台的幸存残卷：对法国国家图书馆阿拉伯语手稿5968中百星目录的初步版本、翻译与研究》
The Surviving Fragment of the Zij-i Malikshahi: A Preliminary Edition, Translation, and Study of the 100-Star Catalogue in BnF Arabe 5968
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- S. U. Umarov Physical-Technical Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan（塔吉克斯坦科学院 S.U. 乌马罗夫物理技术研究所）
- Institute of Astrophysics, National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan（塔吉克斯坦科学院天体物理研究所）
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本研究对法国国家图书馆阿拉伯语手稿5968中的百星目录进行校勘、转录与翻译，区分其与马利克沙天文表的关联，揭示其数据源于托勒密体系的系统性更新，展现中世纪伊斯兰天文学的发展特征。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
11世纪末，塞尔柱苏丹马利克沙一世赞助的天文计划在伊斯兰天文学史上占据重要地位。奥马尔·海亚姆是该计划的核心参与者，该计划编制了贾拉利（Jalali）或马利基（Maliki）历法，还产生了一套被称为《马利克沙天文表》（Zij-i Malikshahi）的更广泛天文表。一份传统上与这些天文表相关的百星目录，以匿名阿拉伯语汇编《天文学家准则》（Dustur al-munajjimin）的形式留存，仅存于法国国家图书馆阿拉伯语手稿5968（BnF Arabe 5968）中。本研究将该目录与贾拉利历法、已遗失或未确认的完整《马利克沙天文表》区分开来，重构其历史与手稿背景，并考察BnF Arabe 5968的来源。研究呈现了该目录在224r-225r页的完整转录本，以及直接从阿拉伯语文本译出的新英文译本，同时以B.A.罗森菲尔德1961年的俄译本作为对照。校勘发现了多处差异，包括对第8项的经度进行了实质性修正，并明确了行星性情缩写。罗森菲尔德与A.P.尤什凯维奇指出，100颗恒星的经度中有96个对应托勒密值增加了约14度26分，纬度中有87个与托勒密值一致。这些对应关系表明，该目录是对传承的托勒密数据进行的系统性更新，而非100次完全独立的观测，体现了中世纪伊斯兰天文学中观测、计算、传播与改编的综合作用。
英文摘要
The astronomical programme sponsored by the Saljuq Sultan Malikshah I in the late eleventh century occupies an important place in the history of Islamic astronomy. Umar Khayyam was a principal participant in this programme, which produced the Jalali or Maliki calendar and appears also to have resulted in a broader set of astronomical tables known as the Zij-i Malikshahi. A 100-star catalogue traditionally associated with these tables survives in the anonymous Arabic compendium Dustur al-munajjimin, preserved in the unique manuscript BnF Arabe 5968. This study distinguishes the catalogue from the Jalali calendar and from the lost or unidentified complete Zij-i Malikshahi, reconstructs its historical and manuscript context, and examines the provenance of BnF Arabe 5968. It presents a complete transcription of the catalogue from fols. 224r-225r and a new English translation made directly from the Arabic text, with B. A. Rosenfeld's 1961 Russian translation used as a control. The collation identifies several divergences, including a substantive correction to the longitude of entry 8, and clarifies the planetary temperament abbreviations. Rosenfeld and A. P. Yushkevich observed that 96 of the 100 stellar longitudes correspond to Ptolemaic values increased by about 14 degrees 26 minutes, while 87 latitudes agree with Ptolemy. These correspondences suggest systematic updating of inherited Ptolemaic data rather than 100 wholly independent observations, illustrating the combined roles of observation, computation, transmission, and adaptation in medieval Islamic astronomy.
