三维拓扑绝缘体代表了一种新的量子相的物质与自旋极化的表面状态,是从反向散射的保护。这些表面态的静态电子性质已全面成像的光电子能谱和隧道光谱。理论家提出拓扑表面态也可以表现出新颖的电子对光的响应,例如拓扑量子相变和自旋极化电流。然而,光学驱动拓扑绝缘体脱离平衡的效果在很大程度上还没有被实验探索,也没有测量到光电流。在这里,我们表明,照射的拓扑绝缘体Bi 2 Se 3与圆偏振光产生的光电流,源于拓扑螺旋狄拉克费米子,反转的螺旋光反转的光电流的方向。我们还观察到一个光电流,是由光的线性偏振控制,并认为它也可能有一个拓扑表面态的起源。这种方法可以探测拓扑绝缘体的动态特性,并导致新的光自旋电子器件。
英文摘要:
Three-dimensional topological insulators represent a new quantum phase of matter with spin-polarized surface states that are protected from backscattering. The static electronic properties of these surface states have been comprehensively imaged by both photoemission and tunneling spectroscopies. Theorists have proposed that topological surface states can also exhibit novel electronic responses to light, such as topological quantum phase transitions and spin-polarized electrical currents. However, the effects of optically driving a topological insulator out of equilibrium have remained largely unexplored experimentally, and no photocurrents have been measured. Here we show that illuminating the topological insulator Bi2Se3 with circularly polarized light generates a photocurrent that originates from topological helical Dirac fermions, and that reversing the helicity of the light reverses the direction of the photocurrent. We also observe a photocurrent that is controlled by the linear polarization of light, and argue that it may also have a topological surface state origin. This approach may allow the probing of dynamic properties of topological insulators and lead to novel opto-spintronic devices.
Band resolved imaging of photocurrent in a topological insulator
利用时间分辨和角度分辨光电子能谱研究了拓扑绝缘体Bi $_2$ Se $_3$中光电流产生的微观起源。我们的图像的未占用的能带结构,因为它的发展以下的圆偏振光激发和观察动量空间中的非对称电子人口,这是一个光电流的光谱签名。通过分析人口的上升时间,我们确定哪些占用和未占用的电子状态耦合的光激发。我们的结论是,光电流只能通过耦合到自旋轨道织构态的共振光学跃迁激发。我们的工作提供了一个微观的理解,如何控制系统中的光电流与自旋轨道耦合和破坏反转对称性。
Sign control of photocurrents by spin-group-symmetry breaking in altermagnetic insulators
Institute for Theoretical Solid State Physics, IFW Dresden(德累斯顿亥姆霍兹中心IFW理论固体物理研究所);State Key Laboratory of Ultra-intense laser Science and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics (SIOM), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)(中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所超强激光科学技术国家重点实验室);Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ctd.qmat(维尔茨堡-德累斯顿卓越集群ctd.qmat);Collective Dynamics and Quantum Transport Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University(冲绳科学技术大学院大学集体动力学与量子输运单元)
Crystal Symmetry Selected Pure Spin Photocurrent in Altermagnetic Insulators
School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology(北京理工大学物理学院);Key Lab of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (Ministry of Education), Beijing Institute of Technology(北京理工大学先进光电子量子架构与测量教育部重点实验室);Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology(南方科技大学量子科学工程研究院及物理系)
Optical properties of helical edge channels in zinc-blende-type topological insulators: Selection rules, circular and linear dichroism, circular and linear photocurrents
Controlling helicity-dependent photocurrent in polycrystalline Sb$_2$Te$_2$Se topological insulator thin films at ambient temperature through wave-vector of and photothermal gradient due to polarized light
在室温下,利用脉冲激光沉积技术生长了以c轴取向为主的颗粒状多晶样品,研究了拓扑绝缘体Sb $_2$ Te $_2$ Se中螺旋度相关光电流的光学控制。强的自旋-轨道耦合和自旋-动量锁定使得该系统在应用中具有独特性。我们观察到,可以通过用不同的圆和线偏振光激发样品来控制光电流,产生与偏振相关的电流密度,该电流密度可以与理论模型很好地拟合。即使在室温下,光电流的幅度也高于先前对其他单晶拓扑绝缘体的报道。与理论模型的比较表明,光电流有不同的贡献。研究光电流对激发激光束相对于样品表面法线的入射角(波矢量)的依赖性有助于确定对所观察到的光电流有贡献的不同项的起源。入射角驱动的螺旋度开关,这是一个非常简单和有效的技术来控制定向光电流,也被观察到在这项研究中。该光电流也可以借助于由激发光束产生的光热梯度来控制。由于在存在独特的自旋-动量锁定表面态的情况下用两个相反的(左和右)圆偏振光进行选择性自旋态激发,在存在光热梯度的情况下,入射在样品的两个相对边缘上的光的这种光电流的增强和反转发生。这些观察结果使得这种多晶材料在偏振相关的光电探测应用以及环境条件下的自旋光电子学中更加重要。
Ultrafast dynamics of photocurrents in surface states of 3D topological insulators
本文综述了利用时间分辨和角度分辨双光子光电子能谱(2PPE)对三维拓扑绝缘体拓扑表面态(TSS)中超快电子动力学的实验研究。重点放在超快光电流的产生及其衰变的时间分辨观察。2PPE不仅允许明确地将光电流与自旋极化电子表面态相关联。探测携带电流的电子的不对称动量分布,使得有可能在时域中研究支配不寻常的电子输运的微观散射过程。超短中红外泵浦脉冲不仅可以直接激发Sb $_2$ Te $_3$中的TSS,而且还可以导致TSS粒子数在动量空间中的强不对称性。TSS的二维能带映射表明,这种不对称性实际上是代表一个宏观的光电流,而螺旋度依赖的光电流被发现是小的。光电流衰减的时间分辨观测揭示了TSS中电子的巨大平均自由程。
Magnetic injection photocurrents in valley polarized states of twisted bilayer graphene
Donostia International Physics Center(圣塞巴斯蒂安国际物理中心);Department of Physics, Columbia University(哥伦比亚大学物理系);IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science(伊卡巴斯基克,巴斯克科学基金会)
Highly superlinear photogalvanic effects in (Bi$_{0.3}$Sb$_{0.7}$)$_2$(Te$_{0.1}$Se$_{0.9}$)$_3$: Probing 3D topological insulator surface states at room temperature
University of Regensburg(雷根斯堡大学);Ioffe Institute(约费研究所);University of West Bohemia(西波希米亚大学);Technical University Munich(慕尼黑工业大学);Institute of High Pressure Physics PAS(波兰科学院高压物理研究所)
Spectrally Programmable Spin-Polarized Photocurrents in WSe$_2$-NiPS$_3$ Magnetic van der Waals Heterostructures
Bar-Ilan University(巴伊兰大学);Technical University of Darmstadt(达姆施塔特工业大学);Technische Universität Dresden(德累斯顿工业大学);Center for Advanced Systems Understanding, CASUS, HZDR(先进系统理解中心,CASUS,HZDR);Yonsei University(延世大学)
Enhanced Photocurrent Response in Epitaxial 0.5PZT-0.5PFN Multiferroic Thin Films
FZU - Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences(捷克科学院物理研究所);Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, ICN 2, CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)(加泰罗尼亚纳米科学与技术研究所,西班牙国家研究委员会与巴塞罗那科学与技术学院)
Geometry-Controlled Polarization Photocurrents in Scalable PtSe2 Infrared Pixels
DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory(美国陆军研发司令部陆军研究实验室);MIT Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies(麻省理工学院士兵纳米技术研究所);Johns Hopkins University Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering(约翰斯·霍普金斯大学化学与生物分子工程系);DEVCOM C5ISR Center(美国陆军研发司令部C5I中心);Institute of Physics & Center for Integrated Sensor Systems (SENS), University of the Bundeswehr Munich(联邦国防军慕尼黑大学物理研究所与集成传感器系统中心)