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arXiv 1111.3194astro-ph.IM
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利用彩色变迹法改进相位掩模日冕仪的消色差

Improved achromatization of phase mask coronagraphs using colored apodization

M. N'Diaye, K. Dohlen, S. Cuevas, R. Soummer, C. Sánchez-Pérez, F. Zamkotsian

摘要:

对于直接成像的系外行星,恒星日冕有助于通过衰减直径为D的望远镜孔径引起的衍射效应来消除观测到的明亮恒星的图像。双区相位掩模(DZPM)日冕物质抛射是一个很有前途的概念,因为它理论上提供了小的内工作角(IWA \sim λ 0/D)、良好的消色差性和高的星光抑制,在距离恒星5 λ 0/D处,在25%的光谱带宽Δλ/λ 0(类似于H波段)上,典型地达到1 e6的对比度。这最后一个值被证明是令人鼓舞的年轻和温暖的类彗星行星的宽带成像。然而,在有限的光谱带宽上观察较老和/或质量较小的同伴需要高于1 e6的对比度水平。因此,DZPM电晕放电的消色差改进是达到这样的性能的强制性。在其设计中,DZPM日冕仪使用灰色(或消色差)切趾。我们建议用彩色切趾来代替它,以提高这个日冕系统在大光谱范围内的性能。这个创新的概念,称为彩色切趾相位掩模(CAPM)日冕,定义了一些优化的设计参数,以达到最佳的对比度在系外行星搜索区域。一旦这样做了,我们研究的CAPM coronagrance在不同的错误的存在下,以评估我们的概念的灵敏度的性能。一个2.5 mag的对比度增益估计从所提供的性能CAPM日冕相对于DZPM日冕。理论上,在5 λ 0/D的距离下,在25%的带宽下,用CAPM日冕探测器获得了2.2e-8的强度水平。此外,我们的研究表明,我们的概念是较低的灵敏度比高阶像差的均方根波前误差的给定值。

英文摘要:

For direct imaging of exoplanets, a stellar coronagraph helps to remove the image of an observed bright star by attenuating the diffraction effects caused by the telescope aperture of diameter D. The Dual Zone Phase Mask (DZPM) coronagraph constitutes a promising concept since it theoretically offers a small inner working angle (IWA \sim λ_0/D), good achromaticity and high starlight rejection, typically reaching a 1e6 contrast at 5 λ_0/D from the star over a spectral bandwidth Δλ/λ_0 of 25% (similar to H-band). This last value proves to be encouraging for broadband imaging of young and warm Jupiter-like planets. Contrast levels higher than 1e6 are however required for the observation of older and/or less massive companions over a finite spectral bandwidth. An achromatization improvement of the DZPM coronagraph is therefore mandatory to reach such performance. In its design, the DZPM coronagraph uses a grey (or achromatic) apodization. We propose to replace it by a colored apodization to increase the performance of this coronagraphic system over a large spectral range. This innovative concept, called Colored Apodizer Phase Mask (CAPM) coronagraph, is defined with some design parameters optimized to reach the best contrast in the exoplanet search area. Once this done, we study the performance of the CAPM coronagraph in the presence of different errors to evaluate the sensitivity of our concept. A 2.5 mag contrast gain is estimated from the performance provided by the CAPM coronagraph with respect to that of the DZPM coronagraph. A 2.2e-8 intensity level at 5 λ_0/D separation is then theoretically achieved with the CAPM coronagraph in the presence of a clear circular aperture and a 25% bandwidth. In addition, our studies show that our concept is less sensitive to low than high-order aberrations for a given value of rms wavefront errors.

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