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arXiv 1111.2396astro-ph.CO
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团簇合并的X射线/光学分类和团簇合并分数的演化

X-ray/optical classification of cluster mergers and the evolution of the cluster merger fraction

Andrew W. Mann, Harald Ebeling

摘要:

我们提出了一个简单的,但强大的形态分类的统计完整的样本的108个最X射线发光的集群在0.15 < z < 0.7钱德拉观察的结果。我们的目标是:(a)确定最受干扰的大质量星系团作为引力透镜的研究遥远的宇宙和探针的粒子加速机制,导致非热无线电发射,(b)发现集群合并的子集群轨迹,使它们适合于集群碰撞的定量分析,和(c)约束与红移的集群合并分数的演变。最后,(d)本文是MACS样本中集群的第三次公开发布,在先前发布的46个集群的基础上增加了24个集群。为了根据松弛程度对星系团进行分类,我们使用最亮星系团星系从X射线发射峰值(或全局质心)的投影偏移量作为测量星系团内气体和暗物质之间分离的尺度。关于(a),我们确定了10个复杂系统,可能在最近的过去经历了多次合并事件。关于(b),我们确定了11个系统可能是碰撞后,二元,迎面合并(BHOM),以及另外6个合并可能是BHOM,但可能更难解释,因为不可忽略的碰撞参量和合并轴更接近我们的视线。关于(c),我们发现从z \sim 0.4开始的形态扰动团簇的分数随着红移而显著增加,尽管我们的样品在高红移时对非常扰动的系统存在检测偏差。一个更大的样本与高质量的X射线数据,特别是在高红移的集群将需要跟踪集群的生长和弛豫的演化历史更接近团簇形成的主要时代z \sim 1。

英文摘要:

We present the results of a simple but robust morphological classification of a statis- tically complete sample of 108 of the most X-ray luminous clusters at 0.15 < z < 0.7 observed with Chandra. Our aims are to (a) identify the most disturbed massive clusters to be used as gravitational lenses for studies of the distant universe and as probes of particle acceleration mechanisms resulting in non-thermal radio emission, (b) find cluster mergers featuring subcluster trajectories that make them suitable for quantitative analyses of cluster collisions, and (c) constrain the evolution with redshift of the cluster merger fraction. Finally, (d) this paper represents the third public release of clusters from the MACS sample, adding 24 clusters to the 46 published previously. To classify clusters by degree of relaxation, we use the projected offset of the brightest cluster galaxy from the peak (or the global centroid) of the X-ray emission as a measure of the segregation between the intracluster gas and dark matter. Regarding (a), we identify ten complex systems likely to have undergone multiple merger events in the recent past. Regarding (b), we identify eleven systems likely to be post-collision, binary, head-on mergers (BHOMs), as well as another six mergers that are possible BHOMs but probably harder to interpret because of non-negligible impact parameters and merger axes closer to our line of sight. Regarding (c), we find a highly significant increase with redshift in the fraction of morphologically disturbed clusters starting at z \sim 0.4, in spite of a detection bias in our sample against very disturbed systems at high redshift. A larger sample of clusters with high-quality X-ray data in particular at high redshift will be needed to trace the evolutionary history of cluster growth and relaxation closer to the primary epoch of cluster formation z \sim 1.

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