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arXiv 0904.2365astro-ph.CO
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星系合并历史观测与半解析模型预测的比较

A Comparison of Galaxy Merger History Observations and Predictions from Semi-Analytic Models

Serena Bertone, Christopher J. Conselice

摘要:

我们提出了一个详细的分析,预测星系星系合并的分数和速率在千年模拟,并比较这些与最新的观测相同的数量到z~3。我们进行我们的分析,考虑在给定的时间间隔内,作为恒星质量的函数,在千年模拟预测的合并历史。这种方法,而不是对分数计数,考虑合并已经发生,并允许更直接的比较与观察到的比率和分数测量的浓度不对称性丛生(CAS)的方法。我们研究了Millennium模拟中恒星质量为M_* ~ 10^9 - 10^12 M_sun的星系的合并分数和合并率的演化。我们发现,对于M_* > 10^11 M_sun的星系,在z<2时,预测的合并率和合并分数与观测结果吻合较好,而在较低的恒星质量时,预测的合并率和合并分数与观测结果存在显著差异,对于M_* > 10^11 M_sun的星系,在z>2时,预测的合并率和合并分数与观测结果存在显著差异。在z>2时,模拟将观察到的合并分数低估了4-10倍。在z~2范围内,预测的合并分数和速率演化的形状与观测结果相似,并且在几乎所有的质量仓中,都在1<z<2处达到峰值。例外的是M_* > 10^11 M_sun的星系的合并率。我们讨论这些差异的可能原因,并比较不同的实现千年模拟,以了解不同的物理实现反馈的效果。我们的结论是,比较可能受到一些问题,包括在解释的观测和模拟的假设合并质量比和合并的时间尺度方面的不确定性。(节略)

英文摘要:

We present a detailed analysis of predicted galaxy-galaxy merger fractions and rates in the Millennium simulation and compare these with the most up to date observations of the same quantities up to z~3. We carry out our analysis by considering the predicted merger history in the Millennium simulation within a given time interval, as a function of stellar mass. This method, as opposed to pair fraction counts, considers mergers that have already taken place, and allows a more direct comparison with the observed rates and fractions measured with the concentration-asymmetry-clumpiness (CAS) method. We examine the evolution of the predicted merger fraction and rate in the Millennium simulation for galaxies with stellar masses M_* ~ 10^9 - 10^12 M_sun. We find that the predicted merger rates and fractions match the observations well for galaxies with M_* > 10^11 M_sun at z<2, while significant discrepancies occur at lower stellar masses, and at z>2 for M_* > 10^11 M_sun systems. At z>2 the simulations underpredict the observed merger fractions by a factor of 4-10. The shape of the predicted merger fraction and rate evolutions are similar to the observations up to z~2, and peak at 1<z<2 in almost all mass bins. The exception is the merger rate of galaxies with M_* > 10^11 M_sun. We discuss possible reasons for these discrepancies, and compare different realisations of the Millennium simulation to understand the effect of varying the physical implementation of feedback. We conclude that the comparison is potentially affected by a number of issues, including uncertainties in interpreting the observations and simulations in terms of the assumed merger mass ratios and merger time-scales. (abridged)

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