Given a finite group G and a number field k, a well-known conjecture asserts that the set R_t(k,G) of Steinitz classes of tame G-Galois extensions of k is a subgroup of the ideal class group of k. In this paper we investigate an explicit candidate for R_t(k,G), when G is of odd order. More precisely, we define a subgroup W(k,G) of the class group of k and we prove that R_t(k,G) is contained in W(k,G). We show that equality holds for all groups of odd order for which a description of R_t(k,G) is known so far. Furthermore, by refining techniques introduced in arXiv:0910.5080v1, we use the Shafarevich-Weil Theorem in cohomological class field theory, to construct some tame Galois extensions with given Steinitz class. In particular, this allows us to prove the equality R_t(k,G)=W(k,G) when G is a group of order dividing l^4, where l is an odd prime.
The Steinitz class of a number field extension K/k is an ideal class in the ring of integers O_k of k, which, together with the degree [K:k] of the extension determines the O_k-module structure of O_K. We call R_t(k,G) the classes which are Steinitz classes of a tamely ramified G-extension of k. We will say that those classes are realizable for the group G; it is conjectured that the set of realizable classes is always a group. In this paper we will develop some of the ideas contained in arXiv:0910.5080 to study some l-groups, where l is an odd prime number. In particular, together with [1] we…
The Steinitz class of a number field extension K/k is an ideal class in the ring of integers O_k of k, which, together with the degree [K:k] of the extension determines the O_k-module structure of O_K. We call rt(k,G) the classes which are Steinitz classes of a tamely ramified G-extension of k. We will say that those classes are realizable for the group G; it is conjectured that the set of realizable classes is always a group. We define A'-groups inductively, starting by abelian groups and then considering semidirect products of A'-groups with abelian groups of relatively prime order and direc…
The Steinitz class of a number field extension K/k is an ideal class in the ring of integers O_k of k, which, together with the degree [K:k] of the extension determines the O_k-module structure of O_K. We call R_t(k,G) the classes which are Steinitz classes of a tamely ramified G-extension of k. We will say that those classes are realizable for the group G; it is conjectured that the set of realizable classes is always a group. In this paper we will develop some of the ideas contained in arXiv:0910.5080 to obtain some results in the case of groups of even order. In particular we show that to s…
Fix a positive integer $g$ and rational prime $p$. We prove the existence of a genus $g$ curve $C/\mathbb{Q}$ such that the mod $p$ representation of its Jacobian is tame by imposing conditions on the endomorphism ring. As an application, we consider the tame inverse Galois problem and are able to realise general symplectic groups as Galois groups of tame extensions of $\mathbb{Q}$.
In this paper we obtain realizations of the 4-dimensional general symplectic group over a prime field of characteristic $\ell>3$ as the Galois group of a tamely ramified Galois extension of $\mathbb{Q}$. The strategy is to consider the Galois representation $ρ_{\ell}$ attached to the Tate module at $\ell$ of a suitable abelian surface. We need to choose the abelian varieties carefully in order to ensure that the image of $ρ_{\ell}$ is large and simultaneously maintain a control on the ramification of the corresponding Galois extension. We obtain an explicit family of curves of genus 2 such tha…
We prove three theorems concerning the Hopf-Galois module structure of fractional ideals in a finite tamely ramified extension of $ p $-adic fields or number fields which is $ H $-Galois for a commutative Hopf algebra $ H $. Firstly, we show that if $ L/K $ is a tame Galois extension of $ p $-adic fields then each fractional ideal of $ L $ is free over its associated order in $ H $. We also show that this conclusion remains valid if $ L/K $ is merely almost classically Galois. Finally, we show that if $ L/K $ is an abelian extension of number fields then every ambiguous fractional ideal of $ L…
In this paper, we prove the non-existence of certain semistable Galois representations of a number field. Our consequence can be applied to some geometric problems. For example, we prove a special case of a Conjecture of Rasmussen and Tamagawa, related with the finiteness of the set of isomorphism classes of abelian varieties with constrained prime power torsion.
We formulate a Serre-type conjecture for n-dimensional Galois representations that are tamely ramified at p. The weights are predicted using a representation-theoretic recipe. For n = 3 some of these weights were not predicted by the previous conjecture of Ash, Doud, Pollack, and Sinnott. Computational evidence for these extra weights is provided by calculations of Doud and Pollack. We obtain theoretical evidence for n = 4 using automorphic inductions of Hecke characters.
Given a natural number n and a number field K, we show the existence of an integer \ell_0 such that for any prime number \ell\geq \ell_0, there exists a finite extension F/K, unramified in all places above \ell, together with a principally polarized abelian variety A of dimension n over F such that the resulting \ell-torsion representation ρ_{A,\ell} from G_F to GSp(A[\ell](\bar{F})) is surjective and everywhere tamely ramified. In particular, we realize GSp_{2n}(\mathbb{F}_\ell) as the Galois group of a finite tame extension of number fields F'/F such that F is unramified above \ell.
We say a tame Galois field extension $L/K$ with Galois group $G$ has trivial Galois module structure if the rings of integers have the property that $\Cal{O}_{L}$ is a free $\Cal{O}_{K}[G]$-module. The work of Greither, Replogle, Rubin, and Srivastav shows that for each algebraic number field other than the rational numbers there will exist infinitely many primes $l$ so that for each there is a tame Galois field extension of degree $l$ so that $L/K$ has nontrivial Galois module structure. However, the proof does not directly yield specific primes $l$ for a given algebraic number field $K.$ For…
Let $F$ be a number field with ring of integers $O_F$ and let $G$ be a finite group. We describe an approach to the study of the set of realisable classes in the locally free class group $Cl(O_FG)$ of $O_FG$ that involves applying the work of the second-named author in the context of relative algebraic $K$ theory. When $G$ is of odd order, we show (subject to certain conditions) that the set of realisable classes is a subgroup of $Cl(O_FG)$. This may be viewed as being a partial analogue of a classical theorem of Shafarevich on the inverse Galois problem for soluble groups in the setting of Ga…
Let $ K $ be a number field and let $ L/K $ be a tamely ramified radical extension of prime degree $ p $. If $ K $ contains a primitive $ p^{th} $ root of unity then $ L/K $ is a cyclic Kummer extension; in this case the group algebra $ K[G] $ (with $ G=\mbox{Gal}(L/K) $) gives the unique Hopf-Galois structure on $ L/K $, the ring of algebraic integers $ \mathfrak{O}_L $ is locally free over $ \mathfrak{O}_{K}[G] $ by Noether's theorem, and Gómez Ayala has determined a criterion for $ \mathfrak{O}_L $ to be a free $ \mathfrak{O}_{K}[G] $-module. If $ K $ does not contain a primitive $ p^{th} $…
We give an intrinsic parametrisation of the set of tamely ramified extensions of a local field with finite residue field and bring to the fore the role played by group cohomology. We show that two natural definitions of the cohomology class of a tamely ramified finite galoisian extension coincide, and can be recovered from the parameter. We also give an elementary proof of Serre's mass formula in the tame case and in the simplest wild case, and we classify tame galoisian extensions of degree the cube of a prime.
Let $F$ be a non-Archimedean locally compact field of residual characteristic $p$. Let $σ$ be an irreducible smooth representation of the absolute Weil group $\Cal W_F$ of $F$ and $\sw(σ)$ the Swan exponent of $σ$. Assume $\sw(σ) \ge1$. Let $\Cal I_F$ be the inertia subgroup of $\Cal W_F$ and $\Cal P_F$ the wild inertia subgroup. There is an essentially unique, finite, cyclic group $\varSigma$, of order prime to $p$, so that $σ(\Cal I_F) = σ(\Cal P_F)\varSigma$. In response to a query of Mark Reeder, we show that the multiplicity in $σ$ of any character of $\varSigma$ is bounded by $\sw(σ)$.
A number field $K$ is Hilbert-Speiser if all of its tame abelian extensions $L/K$ admit NIB (normal integral basis). It is known that $\mathbb{Q}$ is the only such field, but when we restrict $\text{Gal}(L/K)$ to be a given group $G$, the classification of $G$-Hilbert-Speiser fields is far from complete. In this paper, we present new results on so-called $G$-Leopoldt fields. In their definition, NIB is replaced by ``weak NIB'' (defined below). Most of our results are negative, in the sense that they strongly limit the class of $G$-Leopoldt fields for some particular groups $G$, sometimes even …
We introduce a heuristic prediction for the distribution of the isomorphism class of the Galois group of the maximal pro-p extension of Q unramified outside a "random" set of primes. This is guided by reasoning similar to that governing the Cohen-Lenstra conjectures. We conclude by describing theoretical and experimental evidence for our heuristic.
Let $L/F$ be a finite Galois extension of number fields with an arbitrary Galois group $G$. We give an explicit description of the kernel of the natural map on motivic tame kernels $H^2_{\mathcal{M}}(o_L, {\bf Z}(i))_{G} {\rightarrow} H^2_{\mathcal{M}}(o_F, {\bf Z}(i))$. Using the link between motivic cohomology and $K$-theory, we deduce genus formulae for all even $K$-groups $K_{2i-2}(o_F)$ of the ring of integers. As a by-product, we also obtain lower bounds for the order of the kernel and cokernel of the functorial map $H^2_{\mathcal{M}}(F, {\bf Z}(i)) \rightarrow H^2_{\mathcal{M}}( L, {\bf…
We examine whether it is possible to realize finite groups $G$ as Galois groups of minimally tamely ramified extensions of $\mathbb{Q}$ and also specify both the inertia groups and the further decomposition of the ramified primes.
- Let p be a prime number and K an algebraic number field. What is the arithmetic structure of Galois extensions L/K having p-adic analytic Galois group $Γ$ = Gal(L/K)? The celebrated Tame Fontaine-Mazur conjecture predicts that such extensions are either deeply ramified (at some prime dividing p) or ramified at an infinite number of primes. In this work, we take up a study (initiated by Boston) of this type of question under the assumption that L is Galois over some subfield k of K such that [K : k] is a prime = p. Letting $σ$ be a generator of Gal(K/k), we study the constraints posed on the …
We prove a large finite field version of the Boston--Markin conjecture on counting Galois extensions of the rational function field with a given Galois group and the smallest possible number of ramified primes. Our proof involves a study of structure groups of (direct products of) racks.
This paper is devoted to the explicit description of the Galois descent obstruction for hyperelliptic curves of arbitrary genus whose reduced automorphism group is cyclic of order coprime to the characteristic of their ground field. Along the way, we obtain an arithmetic criterion for the existence of a hyperelliptic descent. The obstruction is described by the so-called arithmetic dihedral invariants of the curves in question. If it vanishes, then the use of these invariants also allows the explicit determination of a model over the field of moduli; if not, then one obtains a hyperelliptic mo…
Let $K$ be a number field and $G$ a finite abelian group. We study the asymptotic behaviour of the number of tamely ramified $G$-extensions of $K$ with ring of integers of fixed realisable class as a Galois module.
Let $K$ be a number field with ring of integers $\mathcal{O}_K$ and let $G$ be a \mbox{finite group of} odd order. Given a $G$-Galois $K$-algebra $K_h$, let $A_h$ be the square root of the inverse different of $K_h/K$, which exists by Hilbert's formula. If $K_h/K$ is weakly ramified, then $A_h$ is locally free over $\mathcal{O}_{K}G$ by a result of B. Erez, in which case it determines a class in the locally free class group $\mbox{Cl}(\mathcal{O}_KG)$ of $\mathcal{O}_KG$. Such a class in $\mbox{Cl}(\mathcal{O}_KG)$ is said to be $A$-realizable, and tame $A$-realizable if $K_h/K$ is tame. Let $…
Università di Milano-Bicocca（米兰比可卡大学）；Université Marie et Louis Pasteur（玛丽和路易·巴斯德大学）；Harbin Institute of Technology（哈尔滨工业大学）；Korea National University of Education（韩国国立教育大学）
Let V be a p-adic representation of the absolute Galois group G of Q_p that becomes crystalline over a finite tame extension, and assume p odd. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for V to be isomorphic to the Tate module V_p(A) of an abelian variety A defined over Q_p. These conditions are stated on the filtered (ϕ,G)-module attached to V.
This paper gives some restrictions on finite groups that can occur as Galois groups of extensions over $\Q$ and over $\F_q(t)$ ramified only at one finite prime. Over $\Q$, we strengthen results of Jensen and Yui about dihedral extensions and rule out some non-solvable groups. Over $\F_q(t)$ restrictions are given for symmetric groups and dihedral groups to occur as tamely ramified extension over $\F_q(t)$ ramified only at one prime.
We consider p-extensions of number fields such that the filtration of the Galois group by higher ramification groups is of prescribed finite length. We extend well-known properties of tame extensions to this more general setting; for instance, we show that these towers, when infinite, are ``asymptotically good'' (an explicit bound for the root discriminant is given). We study the difficult problem of bounding the relation-rank of the Galois groups in question. Results of Gordeev and Wingberg imply that the relation-rank can tend to infinity when the set of ramified primes is fixed but the leng…
Let $K$ be an algebraic number field with ring of integers $\Cal{O}_{K}$, $p>2$ be a rational prime and $G$ be the cyclic group of order $p $. Let $Λ$ denote the order $\Cal{O}_{K}[G].$ Let $Cl(Λ)$ denote the locally free class group of $Λ$ and $D(Λ)$ the kernel group, the subgroup of $Cl(Λ)$ consisting of classes that become trivial upon extension of scalars to the maximal order. If $p$ is unramified in $K$, then $D(Λ) = T(Λ)$, where $T(Λ)$ is the Swan subgroup of $Cl(Λ).$ This yields upper and lower bounds for $D(Λ)$. Let $R(Λ)$ denote the subgroup of $Cl(Λ)$ consisting of those classes real…
For any number field K, it is unknown which finite groups appear as Galois groups of extensions L/K such that L is a maximal subfield of a division algebra with center K (a K-division algebra). For K=Q, the answer is described by the long standing Q-admissibility conjecture. We extend a theorem of Neukirch on embedding problems with local constraints in order to determine for every number field K, what finite solvable groups G appear as Galois groups of tame maximal subfields of K-division algebras, generalizing Liedahl's theorem for metacyclic G and Sonn's solution of the Q-admissibility conj…
Let p be an odd prime, let S be a finite set of primes q congruent to 1 mod p but not mod p^2 and let G_S be the Galois group of the maximal p-extension of Q un-ramified outside of S. If r is a continuous homomorphism of G_S into GL_2(Z_p) then under certain conditions on the linking numbers of S we show that r=1 if its reduction mod p is 1. We also show that the reduction of r mod p is 1 if r can be put in triangular form mod p^3.
Let $G$ be a finite group and let $N/E$ be a tamely ramified $G$-Galois extension of number fields. We show how Stickelberger's factorization of Gauss sums can be used to determine the stable isomorphism class of various arithmetic $\mathbb{Z}[G]$-modules attached to $N/E$. If $\mathcal{O}_N$ and $\mathcal{O}_E$ denote the rings of integers of $N$ and $E$ respectively, we get in particular that $\mathcal{O}_N\otimes_{\mathcal{O}_E}\mathcal{O}_N$ defines the trivial class in the class group $\mathrm{Cl}(\mathbb{Z}[G])$ and, if $N/E$ is also assumed to be locally abelian, that the square root of…
We study the nonclassical Hopf-Galois module structure of rings of algebraic integers in some extensions of $ p $-adic fields and number fields which are at most tamely ramified. We show that if $ L/K $ is an unramified extension of $ p $-adic fields which is $ H $-Galois for some Hopf algebra $ H $ then $ \OL $ is free over its associated order $ \AH $ in $ H $. If $ H $ is commutative, we show that this conclusion remains valid in ramified extensions of $ p $-adic fields if $ p $ does not divide the degree of the extension. By combining these results we prove a generalisation of Noether's th…
Suppose that $EE$ is a totally real number field which is the composite of all of its subfields $E$ that are relative quadratic extensions of a base field $F$. For each such $E$ with ring of integers $Ø_E$, assume the truth of the Birch-Tate conjecture (which is almost fully established) relating the order of the tame kernel $K_2(Ø_E)$ to the value of the Dedekind zeta function of $E$ at $s=-1$, and assume the same for $F$ as well. Excluding a certain rare situation, we prove the annihilation of $K_2(\Oc_EE)$ by a generalized Stickelberger element in the group ring of the Galois group of $EE/F…
We determine the shapes of all degree $4$ number fields that are Galois. These lie in four infinite families depending on the Galois group and the tame versus wild ramification of the field. In the $V_4$ case, each family is a two-dimensional space of orthorhombic lattices and we show that the shapes are equidistributed, in a regularized sense, in these spaces as the discriminant goes to infinity (with respect to natural measures). We also show that the shape is a complete invariant in some natural families of $V_4$-quartic fields. For $C_4$-quartic fields, each family is a one-dimensional spa…
For every prime $p\geq 5$ for which a certain condition on the class group $\text{Cl}(\mathbb{Q}(μ_p))$ is satisfied, we construct a $p$-adic analytic Galois extension of the infinite cyclotomic extension $\mathbb{Q}(μ_{p^{\infty}})$ with some special ramification properties. In greater detail, this extension is unramified at primes above $p$ and tamely ramified above finitely many rational primes and is isomorphic to a finite index subgroup of $\text{SL}_2(\mathbb{Z}_p)$ which contains the principal congruence subgroup. For the primes $107,139,271$ and $379$ such extensions were first constru…
This paper focuses on a refinement of the inverse Galois problem. We explore what finite groups appear as the Galois group of an extension of the rational numbers in which only a predetermined set of primes may ramify. After presenting new results regarding extensions in which only a single finite prime ramifies, we move on to studying the more complex situation in which multiple primes from a finite set of arbitrary size may ramify. We then continue by examining a conjecture of Harbater that the minimal number of generators of the Galois group of a tame, Galois extension of the rational numbe…
Fix a relative quadratic extension E/F of totally real number rields and let G denote the Galois group of order 2. Let S be a finite set of primes of F containing the infinite primes and all those which ramify in E, let S_E denote the primes of E and let O_E^S denote the ring of S_E-integers of E. Assume the truth of the 2-part of the Birch-Tate conjecture relating the order of the tame kernel K_2(O_E^S) to the value of the Dedekind zeta function of E at s=-1, and assume the same for F as well. We then prove that the Fitting ideal of K_2(O_E^S) as a Z[G]-module is equal to a generalized Sticke…
N. Katz has shown that any irreducible representation of the Galois group of F_q((t)) has unique extension to a special representation of the Galois group of k(t) unramified outside 0 and infinity and tamely ramified at infinity. In this paper we analyze the number of not necessarily special such extensions and relate this question to a description of bases in irreducible representations of multiplicative groups of division algebras.
For a prime number p, we denote by K the cyclotomic Z_p-extension of a number field k. For a finite set S of prime numbers, we consider the S-ramified Iwasawa module which is the Galois group of the maximal abelian pro-p-extension of K unramified outside S. This paper treats the case where S does not contain p and k is the rational number field or an imaginary quadratic field. In this case, we prove the explicit formulae for the free ranks of the S-ramified Iwasawa modules as abelian pro-p groups, by using Brumer's p-adic version of Baker's theorem on the linear independence of logarithms of a…
Suppose G is a semi-direct product of the form Z/p^n \rtimes Z/m where p is prime and m is relatively prime to p. Suppose K is a local field of characteristic p > 0. The main result states necessary and sufficient conditions on the ramification filtrations that occur for wildly ramified G-Galois extensions of K. In addition, we prove that there exists a parameter space for G-Galois extensions of K with given ramification filtration whose dimension depends only on the ramification filtration. We provide explicit equations for wild cyclic extensions of K of degree p^3.
Let $L/K$ be a tame and Galois extension of number fields with group $G$. It is well-known that any ambiguous ideal in $L$ is locally free over $\mathcal{O}_KG$ (of rank one), and so it defines a class in the locally free class group of $\mathcal{O}_KG$, where $\mathcal{O}_K$ denotes the ring of integers of $K$. In this paper, we shall study the relationship among the classes arising from the ring of integers $\mathcal{O}_L$ of $L$, the inverse different $\mathfrak{D}_{L/K}^{-1}$ of $L/K$, and the square root of the inverse different $A_{L/K}$ of $L/K$ (if it exists), in the case that $G$ is a…
We derive the group structure for cyclotomic function fields obtained by applying the Carlitz action for extensions of an initial constant field. The tame and wild structures are isolated to describe the Galois action on differentials. We show that the associated invariant rings are not polynomial.
Let $K$ be a global or local field, $E/K$ a Galois extension, and Br$(E)$ the Brauer group of $E$. This paper shows that if $K$ is a local field, $v$ is its natural discrete valuation, $v'$ is the valuation of $E$ extending $v$, and $q$ is the characteristic of the residue field $\widehat E$ of $(E, v')$, then Br$(E) = \{0\}$ if and only if the following conditions hold: $\widehat E$ contains as a subfield the maximal $p$-extension of $\widehat K$, for each prime $p \neq q$; $\widehat E$ is an algebraically closed field in case the value group $v'(E)$ is $q$-indivisible. When $K$ is a global f…
A semicommutative finite group scheme is a finite group scheme which can be obtained from commutative finite group schemes by iterated performing semidirect products with commutative kernels and taking quotients by normal subgroups. In this article, for an étale tame semicommutative finite group scheme $G$, we give a lower bound on the number of connected $G$-torsors of bounded height (such as discriminant).
As an analogue of a link group, we consider the Galois group of the maximal pro-$p$-extension of a number field with restricted ramification which is cyclotomically ramified at $p$, i.e, tamely ramified over the intermediate cyclotomic $\mathbb Z_p$-extension of the number field. In some basic cases, such a pro-$p$ Galois group also has a Koch type presentation described by linking numbers and mod $2$ Milnor numbers (Rédei symbols) of primes. Then the pro-$2$ Fox derivative yields a calculation of Iwasawa polynomials analogous to Alexander polynomials.
Let $N/K$ be a finite Galois extension of $p$-adic number fields and let $ρ^\mathrm{nr} : G_K \to \mathrm{Gl}_r(\mathbb Z_p)$ be an $r$-dimensional unramified representation of the absolute Galois group $G_K$ which is the restriction of an unramified representation $ρ^\mathrm{nr}_{\mathbb Q_p} : G_{\mathbb Q_p} \to \mathrm{Gl}_r(\mathbb Z_p)$. In this paper we consider the $\mathrm{Gal}(N/K)$-equivariant local $ε$-conjecture for the $p$-adic representation $T = \mathbb Z_p^r(1)(ρ^\mathrm{nr})$. For example, if $A$ is an abelian variety of dimension $r$ defined over $\mathbb Q_p$ with good ordi…
In this paper we use the theory of $ε$-constants associated to tame finite group actions on arithmetic surfaces to define a Brauer group invariant $μ(\X,G,V)$ associated to certain symplectic motives of weight one. We then discuss the relationship between this invariant and $w_2(π)$, the Galois theoretic invariant associated to tame covers of surfaces.
In this paper we investigate the cohomological obstruction for the field of moduli of a $G$-cover to be a field of definition, in the case of local fields and covers with tame admissible reduction. This applies in particular to $p$-adic fields where $p$ does not divide the order of the group $G$. We give examples of $G$-covers with field of moduli $\QQ_p$ that cannot be defined over $\QQ_p$, for all primes $p>5$.
