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arXiv 1111.1137astro-ph.SR
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低质量恒星的开普勒周期1观测:新的双星系统,单星自转速率,以及星点的性质和频率

Kepler Cycle 1 Observations of Low Mass Stars: New Eclipsing Binaries, Single Star Rotation Rates, and the Nature and Frequency of Starspots

T. E. Harrison, J. L. Coughlin, N. M. Ule, M. Lopez-Morales

摘要:

我们分析了来自第一周期客座观测者计划的849颗T_eff < 5200 K的恒星的开普勒光变曲线。我们确定了六个新的食双星,其中之一的轨道周期为29.91天,其中两个可能是W UMA变量。此外,我们确定了一个候选的“温暖的木星”系外行星。我们进一步研究了一个子集的670个来源的可变性。在这些天体中,有265颗恒星清楚地显示出周期性的变化,我们将其归因于低质量恒星的旋转。在开普勒提供的光度精度水平下,我们的251个物体没有显示出变化的证据。我们无法确定154个变量对象的周期。我们发现T_eff < 5200 K的恒星中有79%是变星。我们推导出的周期变量的旋转周期跨度范围为0.31 < P_rot < 126.5 d。相当数量的恒星的自转周期与太阳值相似,其活动水平比太阳高100倍。这与类太阳场恒星的结果一致。正如先前的研究所发现的,自转周期较短的恒星通常表现出较大的调制。这一趋势超过了P_rot = 25 d,表明即使是长周期双星也可能有高活性的成分,研究这些系统中恒星成分的质量和半径是否与恒星模型一致仍然是个问题。令人惊讶的是,我们对光变曲线的建模表明,这些冷恒星上的活动区域要么优先位于旋转极附近,要么有两个位于低纬度但在相对半球的斑点群。

英文摘要:

We have analyzed Kepler light curves for 849 stars with T_eff < 5200 K from our Cycle 1 Guest Observer program. We identify six new eclipsing binaries, one of which has an orbital period of 29.91 d, and two of which are probably W UMa variables. In addition, we identify a candidate "warm Jupiter" exoplanet. We further examine a subset of 670 sources for variability. Of these objects, 265 stars clearly show periodic variability that we assign to rotation of the low-mass star. At the photometric precision level provided by Kepler, 251 of our objects showed no evidence for variability. We were unable to determine periods for 154 variable objects. We find that 79% of stars with T_eff < 5200 K are variable. The rotation periods we derive for the periodic variables span the range 0.31 < P_rot < 126.5 d. A considerable number of stars with rotation periods similar to the solar value show activity levels that are 100 times higher than the Sun. This is consistent with results for solar-like field stars. As has been found in previous studies, stars with shorter rotation periods generally exhibit larger modulations. This trend flattens beyond P_rot = 25 d, demonstrating that even long period binaries may still have components with high levels of activity and investigating whether the masses and radii of the stellar components in these systems are consistent with stellar models could remain problematic. Surprisingly, our modeling of the light curves suggests that the active regions on these cool stars are either preferentially located near the rotational poles, or that there are two spot groups located at lower latitudes, but in opposing hemispheres.

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