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arXiv 1110.1111astro-ph.HEastro-ph.CO
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喷流潮汐扰动候选雨燕J1644 +57射电辐射的余辉模型

Afterglow Model for the Radio Emission from the Jetted Tidal Disruption Candidate Swift J1644+57

Brian D. Metzger, Dimitrios Giannios, Petar Mimica

摘要:

最近的瞬变事件雨燕J1644+57已被解释为从准直相对论性喷流的发射,由突然发生的吸积到一个超大质量黑洞后,恒星的潮汐破裂。在这里,我们模拟的无线电微波辐射的同步辐射之间的冲击相互作用的喷流和气体环核介质(CNM)。在喷流开始后的早期(t < 5-10天),一个反向激波传播并使喷出物减速,而在后期,流出物接近布兰德福德-麦基自相似演化(可能被额外的后期能量注入修改)。J1644+57射电光变曲线的消色差突变自然被解释为这些相位之间的过渡。我们发现,如果CNM具有风型径向密度廓线n ~ 1/r^2,则破裂前后光变曲线的时间指数与预测值一致。观测到的同步加速器频率和自吸收通量限制了激波后相对论电子热能的比例ε_e ~ 0.03-0.1; 1 e 18 cm ~ 1-10 1/cm ^3处的CNM密度;射流的初始洛伦兹因子Gamma_j ~ 10-20和张开角θ_j ~(0.1-1)Gamma_j^(-1)~ 0.01-0.1。因此,无线电建模提供了强有力的独立证据,狭窄的准直外流。将我们的模型扩展到J1644+57的未来演变,我们预测,一旦特征频率在几个月的时间尺度上低于自吸收频率,低频(<~几GHz)的无线电通量将开始更快地变亮(事实上,这种转变可能已经开始)。我们的研究结果表明,相对论外流潮汐破坏事件提供了一个独特的探测条件,在遥远的,以前不活跃的星系核,补充研究正常活动星系核。

英文摘要:

The recent transient event Swift J1644+57 has been interpreted as emission from a collimated relativistic jet, powered by the sudden onset of accretion onto a supermassive black hole following the tidal disruption of a star. Here we model the radio-microwave emission as synchrotron radiation produced by the shock interaction between the jet and the gaseous circumnuclear medium (CNM). At early times after the onset of the jet (t < 5-10 days) a reverse shock propagates through and decelerates the ejecta, while at later times the outflow approaches the Blandford-McKee self-similar evolution (possibly modified by additional late energy injection). The achromatic break in the radio light curve of J1644+57 is naturally explained as the transition between these phases. We show that the temporal indices of the pre- and post-break light curve are consistent with those predicted if the CNM has a wind-type radial density profile n ~ 1/r^2. The observed synchrotron frequencies and self-absorbed flux constrain the fraction of the post-shock thermal energy in relativistic electrons epsilon_e ~ 0.03-0.1; the CNM density at 1e18 cm ~ 1-10 1/cm^3; and the initial Lorentz factor Gamma_j ~ 10-20 and opening angle theta_j ~ (0.1-1)Gamma_j^(-1) ~ 0.01-0.1 of the jet. Radio modeling thus provides robust independent evidence for a narrowly collimated outflow. Extending our model to the future evolution of J1644+57, we predict that the radio flux at low frequencies (<~ few GHz) will begin to brighten more rapidly once the characteristic frequency crosses below the self-absorption frequency on a timescale of months (indeed, such a transition may already have begun). Our results demonstrate that relativistic outflows from tidal disruption events provide a unique probe of the conditions in distant, previously inactive galactic nuclei, complementing studies of normal AGN.

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