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arXiv 1102.2859astro-ph.HE
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高分辨率流体动力学射流模拟的离轴余辉光变曲线

Off-Axis Afterglow Light Curves from High-Resolution Hydrodynamical Jet Simulations

H. J. van Eerten, A. I. MacFadyen, W. Zhang

摘要:

数值喷流模拟在计算伽马射线暴余辉辐射方面具有重要的作用。在这里,我们提出了高分辨率的2D模拟的减速相对论射流使用RAM自适应网格细化相对论流体动力学代码的结果。我们已经应用了一个单独的同步辐射代码的模拟结果,以计算光变曲线在不同的频率从无线电到X射线的观察者在不同的角度从射流轴。我们提供了一个确认从无线电光变曲线从模拟,而不是从一个简化的喷气模型在文献中发现,只有非常少数的本地IBC超新星可能窝藏孤儿余辉的早期结果。此外,最近的研究还注意到,在雨燕样本中意外地缺乏观察到的射流断裂。使用射流模拟的物理参数代表一个平均的雨燕样本爆发,如射流半开角为0.1弧度和源红移z = 2.23,我们已经创建了合成光变曲线在1.5千电子伏的人工误差,同时占雨燕仪器的偏见以及。大量的这些光变曲线已经产生和分析使用蒙特卡罗方法。比较了单次幂律拟合和破幂律拟合。我们发现,随着观察者角度的增加,射流破碎很快变得难以检测。即使观察者保持在喷流开度角内,这也是正确的。我们发现,来自z = 2.23的随机定向的0.1弧度喷流的斯威夫特光变曲线在3西格玛水平上显示喷流中断的几率只有12%。因此,观察者的角度提供了一个自然的解释,缺乏感知射流中断斯威夫特样本。

英文摘要:

Numerical jet simulations serve a valuable role in calculating gamma-ray burst afterglow emission beyond analytical approximations. Here we present the results of high resolution 2D simulations of decelerating relativistic jets performed using the RAM adaptive mesh refinement relativistic hydrodynamics code. We have applied a separate synchrotron radiation code to the simulation results in order to calculate light curves at frequencies varying from radio to X-ray for observers at various angles from the jet axis. We provide a confirmation from radio light curves from simulations rather than from a simplified jet model for earlier results in the literature finding that only a very small number of local Ibc supernovae can possibly harbor an orphan afterglow. Also, recent studies have noted an unexpected lack of observed jet breaks in the Swift sample. Using a jet simulation with physical parameters representative for an average Swift sample burst, such as a jet half opening angle of 0.1 rad and a source redshift of z = 2.23, we have created synthetic light curves at 1.5 keV with artificial errors while accounting for Swift instrument biases as well. A large set of these light curves have been generated and analyzed using a Monte Carlo approach. Single and broken power law fits are compared. We find that for increasing observer angle, the jet break quickly becomes hard to detect. This holds true even when the observer remains well within the jet opening angle. We find that the odds that a Swift light curve from a randomly oriented 0.1 radians jet at z = 2.23 will exhibit a jet break at the 3 sigma level are only 12 percent. The observer angle therefore provides a natural explanation for the lack of perceived jet breaks in the Swift sample.

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