arXiv 1107.52962011-07hep-phhep-thnucl-th

玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚与夸克-胶子等离子体的热化

Bose--Einstein Condensation and Thermalization of the Quark Gluon Plasma

Jean-Paul Blaizot, Francois Gelis, Jinfeng Liao, Larry McLerran, Raju Venugopalan

备注：: 19 pages, 1 figure, v2 is a substantial re-write aimed at clarifying the presentation. Major arguments essentially unchanged, except in the discussion of inelastic processes
DOI：: 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2011.10.005

摘要：

在超相对论重离子碰撞中，碰撞后不久形成的物质是一个稠密的、不平衡的胶子系统，其特征是半硬动量标度$Q_{\rm s}$。简单的功率计数参数表明，这个系统是过度占领：胶子占领数是大的参数相比，在热平衡具有相同的能量密度的系统。在短时间尺度上，软弹性散射倾向于驱动系统形成玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体，其中包含大部分胶子，而对能量密度的贡献很小。这种凝聚体的寿命和存在取决于非弹性过程是否会增加或减少胶子的数量，非弹性过程发生在与弹性过程相同的时间尺度上。在这个过度填充的阶段，并一直到热化，系统的行为作为一个强相互作用的流体，即使基本的耦合常数是小的。我们认为，虽然完全各向同性可能永远不会达到，该系统可能会演变很长一段时间，平均纵向和横向动量之间的固定各向异性。

英文摘要：

In ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions, the matter formed shortly after the collision is a dense, out of equilibrium, system of gluons characterized by a semi-hard momentum scale $Q_{\rm s}$. Simple power counting arguments indicate that this system is over-occupied: the gluon occupation number is parametrically large when compared to a system in thermal equilibrium with the same energy density. On short time scales, soft elastic scatterings tend to drive the system towards the formation of a Bose--Einstein condensate that contains a large fraction of the gluons while contributing little to the energy density. The lifetime and existence of this condensate depends on whether inelastic processes, that occur on the same time scale as the elastic ones, preferably increase or decrease the number of gluons. During this overpopulated stage, and all the way to thermalization, the system behaves as a strongly interacting fluid, even though the elementary coupling constant is small. We argue that while complete isotropization may never be reached, the system may yet evolve for a long time with a fixed anisotropy between average longitudinal and transverse momenta.

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