The gluon condensation effect in the cosmic hadron spectra

The gluon condensation effects in the DAMPE cosmic ray spectrum of electrons and positrons

Gluons dominate the proton behavior at high energy collisions, they can be condensed at ultra high energy. The collisions of the accelerated high energy protons with interplanetary matter in cosmic rays will produce a huge number of secondary particles at the gluon condensate energy region, which break the primary power-law of cosmic rays. The above predictions seem to be consistent with the recent DAMPE data concerning the electron plus positron spectra. We find that the smoothly broken power-law at $\sim 0.9 TeV$ and $3\sim 4 TeV$ in the DAMPE data can be understood as the gluon condensation…

The Gluon condensation in high energy cosmic rays

The gluon condensation (GC)-effects in high energy cosmic rays are investigated. After a brief review of the GC, several examples including gamma-, electron-, and positron-spectra in a broad GeV$\sim $TeV region can be explained by the GC-effects. We find that the GC may break the power-law of the cosmic ray spectra if the energy of accelerated protons exceeds the GC-threshold. The GC is a new phenomenon that is not yet known, it provides a new window to understand the high energy cosmic ray spectra.

Looking for the gluon condensation signature in proton using the Earth limb gamma-ray spectra

A new type of gamma ray spectrum is predicted in a general hadronic framework if considering the gluon condensation effects in proton. The result presents the power-law with a sharp break in the gamma ray spectra at the TeV-band. We suggest to probe this GC-signature in the Earth limb gamma-ray spectra using the DArk Matter Particle Explorer and the CALorimetric Electron Telescope on orbit.

Looking for the possible gluon condensation signature in sub-TeV gamma-ray spectra: from active galactic nuclei to gamma ray bursts

The gluon condensation in the proton as a dynamical model is used to treat a series of unsolved puzzles in sub-TeV gamma ray spectra, they include the broken power-law of blazar's radiation, the hardening confusion of 1ES 1426+428, Mkn 501, and the recently recorded sub-TeV gamma spectra of GRB 180720B and GRB 190114C. We find that the above anomalous phenomena in gamma ray energy spectra can be understood with the simple broken power law based on a QCD gluon condensation effect.

The gluon condensation at high energy hadron collisions

We report that the saturation/CGC model of gluon distribution is unstable under action of the chaotic solution in a nonlinear QCD evolution equation, and it evolves to the distribution with a sharp peak at the critical momentum. We find that this gluon condensation is caused by a new kind of shadowing-antishadowing effects, and it leads to a series of unexpected effects in high energy hadron collisions including astrophysical events. For example, the extremely intense fluctuations in the transverse-momentum and rapidity distributions of the gluon jets present the gluon-jet bursts; a sudden inc…

揭示伽马射线暴中的奥秘：胶子凝聚的作用

Revealing mysteries in gamma-ray bursts: the role of gluon condensation

本文利用QCD演化方程预言的核子胶子分布，以胶子凝聚机制统一解释了GRB 221009A的GeV-TeV能谱、千新星AT2017gfo的对称爆炸云及GRB 170817A缺少甚高能伽马信号等现象，拓展了强子模型应用并为胶子凝聚提供了新证据。

Warning: The mini gamma-ray-bursts in planning hadron colliders beyond the LHC energies

Gluons may converge to a stable state at a critical momentum in nucleon. This gluon condensation will greatly increase the proton-proton cross section provided that the collision energies exceed the gluon condensation threshold. Based on the analyses of cosmic gamma-ray spectra, we find that the $p-Pb$ and $Pb-Pb$ collisions at the LHC are close to the energy region of the gluon condensation effect. We warn that for the next generation of hadron colliders increasing the collision energies, the extremely strong gamma-rays will be emitted in a narrow space of the accelerator due to the gluon con…

The current recorded signals of ultrahigh-energy $γ$-rays may come from EeVatrons in the galaxy

A hard $γ$-ray spectrum of supernova remnant G106.3+2.7 can be explained by using the hadronic model with the gluon condensation effect. This implies that not only PeVatrons but also EeVatrons generally exist in the universe including our galaxy, and they can accelerate protons to beyond "ankle" ($10^{19}~eV$). Although these proton beams are very weak in the galaxy and cannot be observed individually on the earth, the gluon condensation effect may greatly enhance the proton-proton cross section, which can compensate for the weak proton flux and produce the observed $γ$-rays. We also show that…

基于胶子凝聚模型的高能区电子与正电子谱研究

Research on electron and positron spectrum in the high-energy region based on the gluon condensation model

本文基于胶子凝聚模型，利用DAMPE高精度电子谱数据，指出电子谱中可能存在第二个超出，其特征由质子数据推导，并期待未来实验验证。

使用胶子凝聚模型解释宇宙射线中的μ子超出

Explaining muon excess in cosmic rays using the gluon condensation model

本文引入胶子凝聚模型（GC model）并使用AIRES引擎模拟，通过增加首次碰撞中的奇异性产生以提高K介子比例，减少向电磁级联的能量转移，从而解释广延空气簇射中观测到的μ子超出难题。