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arXiv 1107.4795cond-mat.soft
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常温和热水中中程有序的X射线衍射和分子动力学研究

X-ray Diffraction and Molecular Dynamics Study of Medium-range Order in Ambient and Hot Water

Congcong Huang, K. T. Wikfeldt, D. Nordlund, U. Bergmann, T. McQueen, J. Sellberg, L. G. M. Pettersson, A. Nilsson

摘要:

我们发展了具有高能量分辨率和高精度的X射线衍射测量方法,用于研究常压下三种不同温度(7、25和66 ℃)下的水结构。使用球形弯曲的Ge晶体的能量分辨率优于15 eV已实现,消除了康普顿散射的影响。高质量的数据允许精确的氧-氧对关联函数(PCF)直接从实验数据的傅里叶变换导出,从而将壳结构解析到~12 μ m,即5个水合壳。大规模分子动力学(MD)模拟使用的TIP 4P/2005力场再现良好的实验壳结构的范围内4-12毫米,虽然较少的协议是看到的PCF中的第一个峰。局部结构指数[J. Chem. Phys. 104,7671(1996)]确定了在PCF中产生中程振荡的四面体少数和在该范围内提供更无特征的背景的无序多数。目前的研究支持的建议,液态水的结构,即使在高温下,可以描述的两个状态的波动模型,涉及局部结构的高密度和低密度形式的液态水假设在液-液相变假设。

英文摘要:

We have developed x-ray diffraction measurements with high energy-resolution and accuracy to study water structure at three different temperatures (7, 25 and 66 C) under normal pressure. Using a spherically curved Ge crystal an energy resolution better than 15 eV has been achieved which eliminates influence from Compton scattering. The high quality of the data allows a precise oxygen-oxygen pair correlation function (PCF) to be directly derived from the Fourier transform of the experimental data resolving shell structure out to ~12 Å, i.e. 5 hydration shells. Large-scale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using the TIP4P/2005 force-field reproduce excellently the experimental shell-structure in the range 4-12 Å although less agreement is seen for the first peak in the PCF. The Local Structure Index [J. Chem. Phys. 104, 7671 (1996)] identifies a tetrahedral minority giving the intermediate-range oscillations in the PCF and a disordered majority providing a more featureless background in this range. The current study supports the proposal that the structure of liquid water, even at high temperatures, can be described in terms of a two-state fluctuation model involving local structures related to the high-density and low-density forms of liquid water postulated in the liquid-liquid phase transition hypothesis.

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