含氢物质的中子衍射：分别测量液态水的非相干和相干强度-一个40年的难题得到解决
Neutron diffraction of hydrogenous materials: measuring incoherent and coherent intensities separately from liquid water - a 40-year-old puzzle solved
摘要：
由于$^1$ H的非相干截面很大，用中子衍射法精确测定含质子核的无序材料的相干静态结构因子是极其困难的。这一问题给中子衍射数据处理带来了很大的不确定性，严重阻碍了含氢材料结构的测定。在这里，我们提出了第一个准确的单独测量，使用极化中子衍射，相干和非相干的贡献，总静态结构因子的5个混合物的轻和重水，在一个前所未有的宽动量转移范围。在这项工作中推导出的H $_2$ O和D $_2$ O混合物的结构因子可能意味着一个新时代的开始，在含氢材料的结构测定，使用中子衍射。
英文摘要：
(short version) Accurate determination of the coherent static structure factor of disordered materials containing proton nuclei is prohibitively difficult by neutron diffraction, due to the large incoherent cross section of $^1$H. This notorious problem has set severe obstacles to the structure determination of hydrogenous materials up to now, via introducing large uncertainties into neutron diffraction data processing. Here we present the first accurate separate measurements, using polarized neutron diffraction, of the coherent and incoherent contributions to the total static structure factor of 5 mixtures of light and heavy water, over an unprecedentedly wide momentum transfer range. The structure factors of H$_2$O and D$_2$O mixtures derived in this work may signify the beginning of a new era in the structure determination of hydrogenous materials, using neutron diffraction.
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