arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1107.3500quant-phcond-mat.otherphysics.data-anphysics.optics
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量子读取能力

Quantum Reading Capacity

Stefano Pirandola, Cosmo Lupo, Vittorio Giovannetti, Stefano Mancini, Samuel L. Braunstein

摘要:

经典存储器的读出可以建模为量子信道鉴别的问题,其中解码器通过区分存储器的每个单元中编码的不同量子信道来检索信息[S. Pirandola,Phys. Rev. Lett. 106,090504(2011)]。在光学存储器的情况下,如CD和DVD,这种区分涉及有损玻色子通道,并且可以通过使用非经典光(量子读取)显着增强。在这里,我们通过将记忆模型从单细胞编码扩展到多细胞编码来概括这些概念。通常,通过使用信道码字,即,根据经典代码选择的信道序列。相应地,数据的读出是通过“并行”通道鉴别的过程来实现的,其中整个细胞块被同时探测并经由最佳集体测量来解码。在无限块的限制下,我们定义存储器的量子读取容量,量化每个单元的最大可读位数。当我们适当地约束解码器的物理资源时,容量的这个概念是不平凡的。对于光学存储器(编码玻色子通道),这样的约束是充满活力的,并且对应于固定每个单元的光子的平均总数。在这种情况下,我们能够证明量子读取能力和经典发射机可实现的最大信息速率之间的分离,即,相干态的任意经典混合。事实上,我们可以很容易地构建非经典发射机,它们的性能超过任何经典发射机,从而表明量子读取的优势在最佳多细胞场景中仍然存在。

英文摘要:

The readout of a classical memory can be modelled as a problem of quantum channel discrimination, where a decoder retrieves information by distinguishing the different quantum channels encoded in each cell of the memory [S. Pirandola, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 090504 (2011)]. In the case of optical memories, such as CDs and DVDs, this discrimination involves lossy bosonic channels and can be remarkably boosted by the use of nonclassical light (quantum reading). Here we generalize these concepts by extending the model of memory from single-cell to multi-cell encoding. In general, information is stored in a block of cells by using a channel-codeword, i.e., a sequence of channels chosen according to a classical code. Correspondingly, the readout of data is realized by a process of "parallel" channel discrimination, where the entire block of cells is probed simultaneously and decoded via an optimal collective measurement. In the limit of an infinite block we define the quantum reading capacity of the memory, quantifying the maximum number of readable bits per cell. This notion of capacity is nontrivial when we suitably constrain the physical resources of the decoder. For optical memories (encoding bosonic channels), such a constraint is energetic and corresponds to fixing the mean total number of photons per cell. In this case, we are able to prove a separation between the quantum reading capacity and the maximum information rate achievable by classical transmitters, i.e., arbitrary classical mixtures of coherent states. In fact, we can easily construct nonclassical transmitters that are able to outperform any classical transmitter, thus showing that the advantages of quantum reading persist in the optimal multi-cell scenario.

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