We consider quantum channels with two senders and one receiver. For an arbitrary such channel, we give multi-letter characterizations of two different two-dimensional capacity regions. The first region is comprised of the rates at which it is possible for one sender to send classical information, while the other sends quantum information. The second region consists of the rates at which each sender can send quantum information. For each region, we give an example of a channel for which the corresponding region has a single-letter description. One of our examples relies on a new result proved here, perhaps of independent interest, stating that the coherent information over any degradable channel is concave in the input density operator. We conclude with connections to other work and a discussion on generalizations where each user simultaneously sends classical and quantum information.
In [1], it is shown that the simultaneous identification capacity region for the discrete, memoryless, classical-quantum multiple access channel is equal to the transmission capacity region for codes using a deterministic encoding scheme. Here, we use transmission codes with a stochastic encoding scheme and show that the analogous capacity theorem holds. Further, by using stochastic encoders, the proof of achievability is highly simplified.
We prove a reduction theorem for capacity of positive maps of finite dimensional C*-algebras, thus reducing the computation of capacity to the case when the image of a nonscalar projection is never a projection.
We consider the transmission of classical information over a quantum channel by two senders. The channel capacity region is shown to be a convex hull bound by the Von Neumann entropy and the conditional Von Neumann entropy. We discuss some possible applications of our result. We also show that our scheme allows a reasonable distribution of channel capacity over two senders.
We present a method to detect lower bounds to the classical capacity of quantum communication channels by means of few local measurements (i.e. without complete process tomography), reconstruction of sets of conditional probabilities, and classical optimisation. The method does not require any a priori information about the channel. We illustrate its performance for significant forms of noisy channels.
We define classical-quantum multiway channels for transmission of classical information, after recent work by Allahverdyan and Saakian. Bounds on the capacity region are derived in a uniform way, which are analogous to the classically known ones, simply replacing Shannon entropy with von Neumann entropy. For the single receiver case (multiple access channel) the exact capacity region is determined. These results are applied to the case of noisy channels, with arbitrary input signal states. A second issue of this work is the presentation of a calculus of quantum information quantities, based on…
Establishing the strong converse theorem for a communication channel confirms that the capacity of that channel, that is, the maximum achievable rate of reliable information communication, is the ultimate limit of communication over that channel. Indeed, the strong converse theorem for a channel states that coding at a rate above the capacity of the channel results in the convergence of the error to its maximum value 1 and that there is no trade-off between communication rate and decoding error. Here we prove that the strong converse theorem holds for the product-state capacity of quantum chan…
We study subadditivity of the minimum output entropy ($H_{min}$) of quantum multiple access channels (MACs). We provide an example of violation of the additivity theorem for $H_{min}$ known in classical information theory. Our result is based on a fundamental property of $MACs$ i.e. independence of each sender. The channels used in the example can be constructed explicitly. On the basis of subadditivity of $H_{min}$ we also provide an example of extremal superadditivity (super activation) of the classical capacity region of MACs.
We find a regularized formula for the entanglement-assisted (EA) capacity region for quantum multiple access channels (QMAC). We illustrate the capacity region calculation with the example of the collective phase-flip channel which admits a single-letter characterization. On the way, we provide a first-principles proof of the EA coding theorem based on a packing argument. We observe that the Holevo-Schumacher-Westmoreland theorem may be obtained from a modification of our EA protocol. We remark on the existence of a family hierarchy of protocols for multiparty scenarios with a single receiver,…
Communication rates over quantum channels can be boosted by entanglement, via superadditivity phenomena or entanglement assistance. Superadditivity refers to the capacity improvement from entangling inputs across multiple channel uses. Nevertheless, when unlimited entanglement assistance is available, the entanglement between channel uses becomes unnecessary -- the entanglement-assisted (EA) capacity of a single-sender and single-receiver channel is additive. We generalize the additivity of EA capacity to general multiple-access channels (MACs) for the total communication rate. Furthermore, fo…
Here we discuss message identification, a problem formalized by Rudolf Ahlswede and Gunter Dueck, over a classical-quantum multiple access channel with two classical senders and one quantum receiver. We show that the simultaneous identification capacity, a capacity defined by Peter Löber, of this multiple access channel is equal to its message transmission capacity region.
The weak converse coding theorems have been proved for the quantum source and channel. The results give the lower bound for capacity of source and the upper bound for capacity of channel. The monotonicity of mutual quantum information have also been proved. PACS numbers: 03.65.Bz
Quantum information theory predicts that when the transmission resource is doubled in quantum channels, the amount of information transmitted can be increased more than twice by quantum channel coding technique, whereas the increase is at most twice in classical information theory. This remarkable feature, the superadditive quantum coding gain, can be implemented by appropriate choices of code words and corresponding quantum decoding which requires a collective quantum measurement. Recently, the first experimental demonstration was reported [Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 167906 (2003)]. The purpose of …
The present work continues investigation of the capacities of measurement (quantum-classical) channels in the most general setting, initiated in~\cite{HCT}. The proof of coding theorems is given for the classical capacity and entanglement-assisted classical capacity of the measurement channel with arbitrary output alphabet, without assuming that the channel is given by a bounded operator-valued density.
We study classical capacity regions of quantum Gaussian multiple access channels (MAC). In classical variants of such channels, whilst some capacity superadditivity-type effects such as the so called {\it water filling effect} may be achieved, a fundamental classical additivity law can still be identified, {\it viz.} adding resources to one sender is never advantageous to other senders in sending their respective information to the receiver. Here, we show that quantum resources allows violation of this law, by providing two illustrative schemes of experimentally feasible Gaussian MACs.
Shannon's channel coding theorem describes the maximum possible rate of reliable information transfer through a classical noisy communication channel. It, together with the source coding theorem, characterizes lossless channel communication in the classical regime. Lossy compression scenarios require the additional description provided by rate-distortion theory, which characterizes the trade-off between compression rate and the distortion of the compressed signal. Even in this context, the capacity characterizes the usefulness of a channel -- a channel with more capacity will always outperform…
We solve the entanglement-assisted (EA) classical capacity region of quantum multiple-access channels with an arbitrary number of senders. As an example, we consider the bosonic thermal-loss multiple-access channel and solve the one-shot capacity region enabled by an entanglement source composed of sender-receiver pairwise two-mode squeezed vacuum states. The EA capacity region is strictly larger than the capacity region without entanglement-assistance. With two-mode squeezed vacuum states as the source and phase modulation as the encoding, we also design practical receiver protocols to realiz…
A unified approach to prove the converses for the quantum channel capacity theorems is presented. These converses include the strong converse theorems for classical or quantum information transfer with error exponents and novel explicit upper bounds on the fidelity measures reminiscent of the Wolfowitz strong converse for the classical channel capacity theorems. We provide a new proof for the error exponents for the classical information transfer. A long standing problem in quantum information theory has been to find out the strong converse for the channel capacity theorem when quantum informa…
We derive universal classical-quantum superposition coding and universal classical-quantum multiple access channel code by using generalized packing lemmas for the type method. Using our classical-quantum universal superposition code, we establish the capacity region of a classical-quantum compound broadcast channel with degraded message sets. Our universal classical-quantum multiple access channel codes have two types of codes. One is a code with joint decoding and the other is a code with separate decoding. The former universally achieves corner points of the capacity region and the latter u…
We define non-commutative versions of the vertex packing polytope, the theta convex body and the fractional vertex packing polytope of a graph, and establish a quantum version of the Sandwich Theorem of Grötschel, Lovász and Schrijver. We define new non-commutative versions of the Lovász number of a graph which lead to an upper bound of the zero-error capacity of the corresponding quantum channel that can be genuinely better than the one established previously by Duan, Severini and Winter. We define non-commutative counterparts of widely used classical graph parameters and establish their inte…
We consider the compound memoryless quantum multiple-access channel (QMAC) with two sending terminals. In this model, the transmission is governed by the memoryless extensions of a completely positive and trace preserving map which can be any element of a prescribed set of possible maps. We study a communication scenario, where one of the senders aims for transmission of classical messages while the other sender sends quantum information. Combining powerful universal random coding results for classical and quantum information transmission over point-to-point channels, we establish universal co…
We consider quantum channels with two senders and one receiver. For an arbitrary such channel, we give multi-letter characterizations of two different two-dimensional capacity regions. The first region characterizes the rates at which it is possible for one sender to send classical information while the other sends quantum information. The second region gives the rates at which each sender can send quantum information. We give an example of a channel for which each region has a single-letter description, concluding with a characterization of the rates at which each user can simultaneously send…
Unlocking Exponential and Unbounded Robust Gains in Shannon Capacity of Classical Multiple Access Channels with Causal CSIT via Quantum Entanglement Assistance
Bosonic channels describe quantum-mechanically many practical communication links such as optical, microwave, and radiofrequency. We investigate the maximum rates for the bosonic multiple access channel (MAC) in the presence of thermal noise added by the environment and when the transmitters utilize Gaussian state inputs. We develop an outer bound for the capacity region for the thermal-noise lossy bosonic MAC. We additionally find that the use of coherent states at the transmitters is capacity-achieving in the limits of high and low mean input photon numbers. Furthermore, we verify that coher…
A strong converse theorem for channel capacity establishes that the error probability in any communication scheme for a given channel necessarily tends to one if the rate of communication exceeds the channel's capacity. Establishing such a theorem for the quantum capacity of degradable channels has been an elusive task, with the strongest progress so far being a so-called "pretty strong converse". In this work, Morgan and Winter proved that the quantum error of any quantum communication scheme for a given degradable channel converges to a value larger than $1/\sqrt{2}$ in the limit of many cha…
A strong converse theorem for the classical capacity of a quantum channel states that the probability of correctly decoding a classical message converges exponentially fast to zero in the limit of many channel uses if the rate of communication exceeds the classical capacity of the channel. Along with a corresponding achievability statement for rates below the capacity, such a strong converse theorem enhances our understanding of the capacity as a very sharp dividing line between achievable and unachievable rates of communication. Here, we show that such a strong converse theorem holds for the …
The dynamic capacity theorem characterizes the reliable communication rates of a quantum channel when combined with the noiseless resources of classical communication, quantum communication, and entanglement. In prior work, we proved the converse part of this theorem by making contact with many previous results in the quantum Shannon theory literature. In this work, we prove the theorem with an "ab initio" approach, using only the most basic tools in the quantum information theorist's toolkit: the Alicki-Fannes' inequality, the chain rule for quantum mutual information, elementary properties o…
