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arXiv 1107.2844astro-ph.SR
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演化恒星中的深层混合II。解释RGB和AGB星的Li丰度

Deep Mixing in Evolved Stars. II. Interpreting Li Abundances in RGB and AGB Stars

S. Palmerini, S. Cristallo, M. Busso, C. Abia, S. Uttenthaler, L. Gialanella, E. Maiorca

摘要:

我们重新分析了在接近太阳金属丰度的红巨星中锂丰度的问题。在概述了影响我们对低质量恒星(M<3 Mo)中Li含量的认识的问题之后,我们讨论了RGB阶段的深混合模型,该模型适合于解释观测到的趋势和碳同位素比的相关变化;我们发现,这些阶段中Li的破坏仅限于质量低于2.3Mo的恒星。随后,我们集中在O-丰富和C-丰富的AGB星的演化的最后阶段。在这里,对额外的混合现象的限制,以前来自较重的核(从C到Al),再加上最近更新的恒星结构模型(包括输入物理和一套反应速率使用),是适合的解释观察到的锂丰度低于A(Li)= log e(Li)= 1.5(有时更高)。也可以解释它们与AGB相的其他核合成特征(如F丰度、C/O和12 C/13 C比)的关系。对于非对流质量传输,这通常需要中等效率(\dot M <= 0.3 - 0.5 x 10^-6 Mo/年)。在这样的速度,缓慢的额外混合不修改显着的锂丰度在早期AGB阶段,另一方面,更快的混合遇到的物理限制,在破坏锂,混合速度。超过这个极限,Li开始产生,因此它对AGB的破坏是适度的。李显于是由第三次疏通而产生。我们还表明,有效的循环插曲,而不是摧毁李,很容易使12 C/13 C的比例达到平衡,相反的证据,在大多数AGB星,并会燃烧F超出了C(N)巨星所示的限制。因此,我们不能证实有效的额外混合会大幅降低C星相对于K-M巨星的Li含量的普遍观点。

英文摘要:

We reanalyze the problem of Li abundances in red giants of nearly solar metallicity. After an outline of the problems affecting our knowledge of the Li content in low-mass stars (M<3Mo), we discuss deep-mixing models for the RGB stages suitable to account for the observed trends and for the correlated variations of the carbon isotope ratio; we find that Li destruction in these phases is limited to masses below about 2.3 Mo. Subsequently, we concentrate on the final stages of evolution for both O-rich and C-rich AGB stars. Here, the constraints on extra-mixing phenomena previously derived from heavier nuclei (from C to Al), coupled to recent updates in stellar structure models (including both the input physics and the set of reaction rates used), are suitable to account for the observations of Li abundances below A(Li)= log e(Li) = 1.5 (and sometimes more). Also their relations with other nucleosynthesis signatures of AGB phases (like the abundance of F, the C/O and 12C/13C ratios) can be explained. This requires generally moderate efficiencies (\dot M <= 0.3 - 0.5 x 10^-6 Mo/yr) for non-convective mass transport. At such rates, slow extra-mixing does not modify remarkably Li abundances in early-AGB phases; on the other hand, faster mixing encounters a physical limit in destroying Li, set by the mixing velocity. Beyond this limit, Li starts to be produced; therefore its destruction on the AGB is modest. Li is then significantly produced by the third dredge up. We also show that effective circulation episodes, while not destroying Li, would easily bring the 12C/13C ratios to equilibrium, contrary to the evidence in most AGB stars, and would burn F beyond the limits shown by C(N) giants. Hence, we do not confirm the common idea that efficient extra-mixing drastically reduces the Li content of C-stars with respect to K-M giants.

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