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arXiv 1005.3549astro-ph.SR
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低质量AGB星中深混合的必要性

On the Need for Deep Mixing in AGB Stars of Low Mass

M. Busso, S. Palmerini, E. Maiorca, S. Cristallo, O. Straniero, C. Abia, R. Gallino, M. La Cognata

备注：
Accepted for publication on "The Astrophysical Journal Letters"
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摘要：

低质量红巨星的光球显示出CNO同位素丰度，这是不能令人满意的典型恒星模型。对这些同位素的测量以及对星周起源的前太阳颗粒中的$^{26}$ Al/ $^{27}$ Al比率的测量也是如此。在红巨星分支（RGB）和渐近巨星分支（AGB）阶段都发生的非对流混合是通常用来解释上述证据的解释。最近，人们对AGB上这种混合现象的必要性提出了质疑，并且认为通常归因于它们的化学异常是在早期阶段形成的。因此，我们重新计算了RGB和AGB阶段低质量恒星的额外混合效应，以验证上述说法。我们的研究结果与之相矛盾，我们实际上证实，缓慢的传输下面的对流信封也发生在AGB。这主要是由氧同位素混合物和前太阳氧化物颗粒的$^{26}$ Al含量所要求的。其他证据也存在，特别是银河系和大麦哲伦星系中N型或C（N）型碳星的同位素比率，以及AGB起源的SiC颗粒。我们进一步表明，当额外的混合发生在RGB阶段的人口I星以上约1.2 $M_{\odot}$，这消耗$^3$他的信封，可能防止发生的AGB上的热盐扩散。因此，我们认为，其他额外的混合机制应该是积极的，在这些最后的进化阶段。

英文摘要：

The photospheres of low-mass red giants show CNO isotopic abundances that are not satisfactorily accounted for by canonical stellar models. The same is true for the measurements of these isotopes and of the $^{26}$Al/$^{27}$Al ratio in presolar grains of circumstellar origin. Non-convective mixing, occurring during both Red Giant Branch (RGB) and Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stages is the explanation commonly invoked to account for the above evidence. Recently, the need for such mixing phenomena on the AGB was questioned, and chemical anomalies usually attributed to them were suggested to be formed in earlier phases. We have therefore re-calculated extra-mixing effects in low mass stars for both the RGB and AGB stages, in order to verify the above claims. Our results contradict them; we actually confirm that slow transport below the convective envelope occurs also on the AGB. This is required primarily by the oxygen isotopic mix and the $^{26}$Al content of presolar oxide grains. Other pieces of evidence exist, in particular from the isotopic ratios of carbon stars of type N, or C(N), in the Galaxy and in the LMC, as well as of SiC grains of AGB origin. We further show that, when extra-mixing occurs in the RGB phases of population I stars above about 1.2 $M_{\odot}$, this consumes $^3$He in the envelope, probably preventing the occurrence of thermohaline diffusion on the AGB. Therefore, we argue that other extra-mixing mechanisms should be active in those final evolutionary phases.

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