We present stellar evolutionary sequences for asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars in the Magellanic Cloud clusters NGC 1978, NGC 1846 and NGC 419. The new stellar models for the three clusters match the observed effective temperatures on the giant branches, the oxygen-rich to carbon-rich transition luminosities, and the AGB-tip luminosities. A major finding is that a large amount of convective overshoot (up to 3 pressure scale heights) is required at the base of the convective envelope during third dredge-up in order to get the correct oxygen-rich to carbon-rich transition luminosity. The stellar evolution sequences are used as input for detailed nucleosynthesis calculations. For NGC 1978 and NGC 1846 we compare our model results to the observationally derived abundances of carbon and oxygen. We find that additional mixing processes (extra-mixing) are required to explain the observed abundance patterns. For NGC 1846 we conclude that non-convective extra-mixing processes are required on both the RGB and the AGB, in agreement with previous studies. For NGC 1978 it is possible to explain the C/O and 12C/13C abundances of both the O-rich and the C-rich AGB stars by assuming that the material in the intershell region contains high abundances of both C and O. This may occur during a thermal pulse when convective overshoot at the inner edge of the flash-driven convective pocket dredges C and O from the core to the intershell. For NGC 419 we provide our predicted model abundance values although there are currently no published observed abundance studies for the AGB stars in this cluster.
Carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars: a window on AGB nucleosynthesis and binary evolution. I. Detailed analysis of 15 binary stars with known orbital periods
Asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars are considered to be among the most significant contributors to the fluorine budget in our Galaxy. While at close-to-solar metallicity observations and theory agree, at lower metallicities stellar models overestimate the fluorine production with respect to heavy elements. We present ${}^{19}$F nucleosynthesis results for a set of AGB models with different masses and metallicities in which magnetic buoyancy acts as the driving process for the formation of the ${}^{13}$C neutron source (the so-called ${}^{13}$C pocket). We find that ${}^{19}$F is mainly produc…
Barium (Ba) stars are polluted by material enriched in the slow neutron capture (s-process) elements synthesised in the interior of their former asymptotic giant branch (AGB) companion star, which is now a white dwarf. We compare individual Ba star abundance patterns to AGB nucleosynthesis models to verify if the AGB model mass is compatible with independently derived AGB mass. We selected a sample of 28 Ba stars for which both self-consistent spectroscopic observation and analysis are available and stellar mass determinations, via positioning the star on the HR diagram and comparing with evol…
The NuGrid AGB Evolution and Nucleosynthesis Data Set
University of Hull（赫尔大学）；Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH)（孔科利天文台，匈牙利科学院地球科学研究中心，厄特沃什·罗兰研究网络）；Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Center for the Evolution of the Elements, Michigan State University（密歇根州立大学核天体物理联合研究所元素演化中心）；University of Edinburgh（爱丁堡大学）；University of Victoria（维多利亚大学）
We investigate infrared properties of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars in our Galaxy and the Magellanic Clouds using various infrared observational data and theoretical models. We use catalogs for the sample of 4996 AGB stars in our Galaxy and about 39,000 AGB stars in the Magellanic Clouds from the available literature. For each object in the sample, we cross-identify the 2MASS, WISE, and Spitzer counterparts. To compare the physical properties of O-rich and C-rich AGB stars in our Galaxy and the Magellanic Clouds, we present IR two color diagrams (2CDs) using various photometric data. We …
The Mass-Loss Return from Evolved Stars to the Large Magellanic Cloud IV: Construction and Validation of a Grid of Models for Oxygen-Rich AGB Stars, Red Supergiants, and Extreme AGB Stars
We present new theoretical stellar yields and surface abundances for asymptotic giant branch (AGB) models with a metallicity appropriate for stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC, $Z= 0.0028$, [Fe/H] $\approx -0.7$). New evolutionary sequences and post-processing nucleosynthesis results are presented for initial masses between 1$M_{\odot}$ and 7$M_{\odot}$, where the 7$M_{\odot}$ is a super-AGB star with an O-Ne core. Models above 1.15$M_{\odot}$ become carbon rich during the AGB, and hot bottom burning begins in models $M \ge 3.75 M_{\odot}$. We present stellar surface abundances as a func…
The production of the neutron-capture isotopes beyond iron that we observe today in the solar system is the result of the combined contribution of the r-process, the s- process and possibly the i-process. Low-mass AGB (2 < M/Msun < 3) and massive (M >10 Msun ) stars have been identified as the sites of the s-process. In this work we consider the evolution and nucleosynthesis of low-mass AGB stars. We provide an update of the NuGrid Set models, adopting the same general physics assumptions but using an updated convective-boundary mixing model accounting for the contribution from internal gravit…
Optically visible post-AGB/RGB stars and young stellar objects in the Small Magellanic Cloud: candidate selection, spectral energy distributions and spectroscopic examination
Evolution, nucleosynthesis and yields of AGB stars at different metallicities (III): intermediate mass models, revised low mass models and the ph-FRUITY interface
Understanding the nucleosynthesis and evolution of Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars is of primary importance as they are the main producers of some of the key elements in the Universe. They are the predominant sites for the slow neutron-capture nucleosynthesis. The exact physical conditions and nucleosynthetic processes occuring at the interior of AGB stars are not clearly understood, that hinders a better understanding of the contribution of these stars to the Galactic chemical enrichment. The extrinsic stars, which are known to have received products of AGB phase of evolution via binary m…
Evolution and nucleosynthesis of asymptotic giant branch stellar models of low metallicity
我们提出了恒星演化轨迹和核合成预测网格的低和中等质量的渐近巨星分支（AGB）恒星模型在$Z=0.001$（[Fe/H] $=-1.2$）。模型涵盖的初始质量范围为1 M $_{\odot}$至7 M $_{\odot}$。最终的表面丰度和恒星产额计算所有元素从氢铋以及同位素到铁组。我们提出的第一个研究中子俘获核合成的中等质量AGB模型，包括超AGB模型，[Fe/H] = $-1.2$。我们详细研究了一个低质量的2 M $_{\odot}$ AGB模型，其中$^{13}$ C（$α$，$n$）$^{16}$ O反应是中子的主要来源。我们还研究了一个中等质量的AGB模型5 M $_{\odot}$的壳层间温度足够高，以激活$^{22}$ Ne中子源，产生高中子密度高达$\sim 10^{14}$ n cm $^{-3}$。使用$M \geq 3$ M $_{\odot}$的型号可激活热底部燃烧。与3 M $_{\odot}$模型，我们调查的影响，在质量的不同程度的区域，质子从信封混合到intershell在最深的程度，每三个疏浚。我们比较的低质量模型的结果，三个后AGB星的金属丰度[Fe/H] $\simeq -1.2$。的组合物是一个很好的匹配，预测的中子捕获丰度，除了铅，我们确认，所观察到的铅丰度低于AGB模型计算。
Aims: We aim to understand the variation of the surface chemistry that occurs during the AGB phase by analysing results from observations of single post-AGB stars in the Magellanic Clouds. We also aim at reconstruct dust formation processes, that are active in the circumstellar envelope of AGB stars. Methods: We study likely single post-AGB sources in the Magellanic Clouds that exhibit a double-peaked (shell-type) spectral energy distribution (SED). We interpret their SED by comparing with results from radiative transfer calculations, to derive the luminosity and the dust content of the indivi…
We study a sample of post-AGB stars in the Galaxy, with known surface chemical composition and s-process enrichment. The recent determination of the luminosities of these sources, based on Gaia parallaxes, allows for the fist time a deep investigation of Galactic post-AGB stars, with the possibility of characterising the individual objects in terms of mass, chemical composition and age of the progenitors. To this aim we used available evolutionary sequences of AGB stars, extended to the post-AGB phase, complemented by new models, specifically calculated for the present study. The combined know…
Aims. We investigate the s-process during the AGB phase of stellar models whose cores are enforced to rotate at rates consistent with asteroseismology observations of their progenitors and successors. Methods. We calculated new 2M$_{\odot}$, Z=0.01 models, rotating at 0, 125, and 250 km/s at the start of main sequence. An artificial, additional viscosity was added to enhance the transport of angular momentum in order to reduce the core rotation rates to be in agreement with asteroseismology observations. We compared rotation rates of our models with observed rotation rates during the MS up to …
Reliable models of the thermally pulsing asymptotic giant branch (TP-AGB) phase are of critical importance across astrophysics, including our interpretation of the spectral energy distribution of galaxies, cosmic dust production, and enrichment of the interstellar medium. With the aim of improving sets of stellar isochrones that include a detailed description of the TP-AGB phase, we extend our recent calibration of the AGB population in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) to the more metal rich Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). We model the LMC stellar populations with the TRILEGAL code, using the sp…
(abridged)Variability is a key property of stars on the asymptotic giant branch (AGB). Their pulsation period is related to the luminosity and mass-loss rate of the star. The long-period variables (LPVs) and Mira variables are the most prominent of all types of variability of evolved stars. The reddest, most obscured AGB stars are too faint in the optical and have eluded large variability surveys. Selection criteria are derived based on colour-colour and colour-magnitude diagrams from the combination of VISTA Magellanic Cloud (VMC) survey, Spitzer IRAC and AllWISE data. After eliminating LPVs …
Rubidium and zirconium abundances in massive Galactic asymptotic giant branch stars revisited
发光的银河OH/IR星已被确定为正在产生HBB和Li的大质量（>4-5 M_s）AGB星。它们的Rb丰度和[Rb/Zr]比值来自流体静力学模型大气，是显着高于预测从AGB核合成模型，提出了一个问题，我们的理解AGB的演变和核合成。我们报告新的Rb和Zr丰度的大规模银河系AGB星的完整样本，以前研究的流体静力学模型，通过使用更现实的扩展模型大气。我们使用的频谱合成代码Turbospectrum的修改版本，并考虑存在的拱星信封和径向风。Rb和Zr丰度分别从7800 A Rb I共振线和6474 A ZrO带头确定，并且我们探索导出的丰度对扩展模型中的恒星（Teff）和风（M_loss，beta和vexp）参数变化的敏感性。将从最佳光谱拟合得出的Rb和Zr丰度与最新的AGB核合成理论模型进行比较。新的Rb丰度远低于（甚至1-2 dex）与流体静力学模型得出的，而Zr丰度是相似的。Rb I线剖面和Rb丰度对M_2损失率非常敏感，但对风速律和vexp（OH）的变化不太敏感。我们证实了早期的初步结果的基础上，一个较小的样本的大质量富O AGB星，使用扩展的大气模型可以解决之间的差异AGB核合成理论模型和银河系的大质量AGB星的观测。然而，Rb丰度仍然强烈地依赖于M_loss，这在这些AGB星中是未知的。为了打破模型的简并性，得到这些大质量AGB星的Rb丰度，需要精确的M_损失率。
We present the abundance analyses of 7 Carbon enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars to understand the origin of carbon in them. We used high-resolution optical spectra to derive abundances of various elements. We also used low-resolution Near-Infrared (NIR) spectra to derive the abundance of O and 12C/13C from the CO molecular band and compared their values with those derived from high-resolution optical spectra. We identified a good agreement between the values. Thus, in cool CEMP stars, the NIR observations complement the high-resolution optical observations to derive the oxygen abundance and the…
